{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T13:30:01Z","timestamp":1770730201752,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","award":["FAPESP-UFRO 2020\/07546-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPESP-UFRO 2020\/07546-2"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","award":["310425\/2021-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310425\/2021-2"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","award":["FRO19101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRO19101"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["FAPESP-UFRO 2020\/07546-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPESP-UFRO 2020\/07546-2"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["310425\/2021-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310425\/2021-2"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["FRO19101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRO19101"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["FAPESP-UFRO 2020\/07546-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPESP-UFRO 2020\/07546-2"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["310425\/2021-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310425\/2021-2"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["FRO19101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRO19101"]}]},{"name":"Chilean Ministry of Education","award":["FAPESP-UFRO 2020\/07546-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPESP-UFRO 2020\/07546-2"]}]},{"name":"Chilean Ministry of Education","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Chilean Ministry of Education","award":["310425\/2021-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310425\/2021-2"]}]},{"name":"Chilean Ministry of Education","award":["FRO19101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRO19101"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Disseminated fusariosis is treated with amphotericin B and voriconazole. To determine adequate therapy, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) is used. However, MIC analysis is based on visual observation and requires a long period of fungal incubation. The measure of the minimal profile change concentration (MPCC) using MALDI-TOF MS is a quick spectral method that has presented good results in determining the antimicrobial resistance of yeasts. However, there is a lack of information on filamentous fungi. In the present work, 13 Fusarium spp. clinical isolates and two reference strains were used. MIC was obtained according to the M38-A2 protocol of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, while MPPC was obtained following the initial steps of the M38-A2 protocol. Both Biotyper and the Rstudio environment were used to analyze mass spectra. For some fungal strains, the data obtained from the software MALDI Biotyper Compass 4.1 led to fuzzy heatmaps resulting in difficult interpretation, while heatmaps obtained using Rstudio tools generated better MPCC resolutions. Herein, 86.6% of the AMB MPCC values were highly correlated with the gold-standard AMB MIC. MALDI-TOF MS is a prominent tool used to determine MPCCs quicker, cost-effectively, and more accurately for Fusarium spp. strains. However, better statistical analyses could help measure the technique\u2019s limit detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11071834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:47:38Z","timestamp":1689727658000},"page":"1834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["MALDI-TOF MS: A Quick Method to Detect the Susceptibility of Fusarium spp. Clinical Isolates to Amphotericin B"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1335-3975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia Helena","family":"Grizante Bari\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas, Toxicol\u00f3gicas e Bromatol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas de Ribeir\u00e3o, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Menci\u00f3n Biolog\u00eda Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811-230, Chile"}]},{"given":"Yasna","family":"Cay\u00fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Science and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811-230, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6837-4559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcela","family":"Sep\u00falveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811-230, Chile"}]},{"given":"Ludmilla","family":"Tonani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas, Toxicol\u00f3gicas e Bromatol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas de Ribeir\u00e3o, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Otavio Guilherme","family":"Gon\u00e7alves de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas, Toxicol\u00f3gicas e Bromatol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas de Ribeir\u00e3o, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2124-3100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Cornejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Agronom\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Agron\u00f3micas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Quillota 2260-000, Chile"}]},{"given":"Nathalia","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811-230, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4681-0941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cledir","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Science and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811-230, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1239-7722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcia Regina","family":"von Zeska Kress","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas, Toxicol\u00f3gicas e Bromatol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas de Ribeir\u00e3o, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i","DOI":"10.3767\/persoonia.2019.43.00","article-title":"Changing the game: Resolving systematic issues in key Fusarium species complexes","volume":"43","author":"Lombard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Persoonia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinmicnews.2017.12.001","article-title":"Fusarium spp., a Genus of Common Plant Pathogens That Can Cause Devastating, Opportunistic Human Disease","volume":"40","author":"Lainhart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Newsl."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00737","article-title":"Molecular characterization and antifungal susceptibility of clinical Fusarium species from Brazil","volume":"10","author":"Herkert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2013.08.016","article-title":"Crossover fungal pathogens: The biology andpathogenesis of fungi capable of crossing kingdoms to infect plants and humans","volume":"61","author":"Gauthier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fung. Genet. Biol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-016-9993-7","article-title":"Challenges in Fusarium, a Trans-Kingdom Pathogen","volume":"181","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-082718-100204","article-title":"Resolving Fusarium: Current status of the genus","volume":"57","author":"Summerell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Phytopathol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00357-16","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00357-16","article-title":"The case for adopting the \u201cspecies complex\u201d nomenclature for the etiologic agents of cryptococcosis","volume":"2","author":"Bennett","year":"2017","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-08-20-0330-LE","article-title":"Phylogenomic analysis of a 55.1 kb 19-gene dataset resolves a monophyletic Fusarium that includes the Fusarium solani species complex","volume":"111","author":"Geiser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2015.08.006","article-title":"Evaluation of two novel barcodes for species recognition of opportunistic pathogens in Fusarium","volume":"120","author":"Ende","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fung. Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2013.49.3.1921234","article-title":"Current treatment options for invasive aspergillosis","volume":"3","author":"Batista","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drugs Today"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02213-14","article-title":"Use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for identification of molds of the Fusarium genus","volume":"53","author":"Triest","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"218","article-title":"Detection and quantification of Fusarium commune in host tissue and infested soil using real-time PCR. Plant","volume":"65","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12465","article-title":"ESCMID and ECMM joint guidelines on diagnosis and management of hyalohyphomycosis: Fusarium spp., Scedosporium spp. and others","volume":"20","author":"Tortorano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw172.1141","article-title":"The prevalence of immunocompromised adults: United States, 2013","volume":"3","author":"Harpaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i5","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx028","article-title":"Changes in the epidemiological landscape of invasive mould infections and disease","volume":"72","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7197","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01299-15","article-title":"Increased antifungal drug resistance in clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans in Uganda","volume":"59","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S474","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix130","article-title":"Novel Agents and Drug Targets to Meet the Challenges of Resistant Fungi","volume":"216","author":"McCarthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Sikora, A., Hashmi, M.F., and Zahra, F. (2023, April 27). Candida Auris, StatPearls [Internet], Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK563297\/."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aambs.2014.09.001","article-title":"The evolution of fungicide resistance","volume":"90","author":"Lucas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Hatmi, A.M.S., Meis, J.F., and De Hoog, G.S. (2016). Fusarium: Molecular diversity and intrinsic drug resistance. PLoS Pathog., 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005464"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"47","article-title":"Molecular Mechanism of Drug Resistance","volume":"Volume 22","author":"Arora","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Resistance in Bacteria, Fungi, Malaria, and Cancer"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0454-3","article-title":"A new player contributing to durable Fusarium resistance","volume":"51","author":"Lagudah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0149521","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01495-21","article-title":"Antifungal susceptibility of 182 Fusarium species isolates from 20 European centers: Comparison between EUCAST and gradient concentration strip methods","volume":"65","author":"Blaize","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02371-07","article-title":"Molecular phylogenetic diversity, multilocus haplotype nomenclature, and in vitro antifungal resistance within the Fusarium solani species complex","volume":"46","author":"Sutton","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"1068","article-title":"Specific antifungal susceptibility profiles of opportunists in the Fusarium fujikuroi complex","volume":"70","author":"Meis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13345","article-title":"Molecular and MALDI-TOF MS differentiation and antifungal susceptibility of prevalent clinical Fusarium species in China","volume":"64","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-2762-5_9","article-title":"Fusarium caused hyalohyphomycosis. An: Overview","volume":"4","author":"Anaissie","year":"1992","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Sutton, D.A., and Brandt, M.E. (2011). Manual of Clinical Microbiology, ASM Press. [10th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofu051.102","article-title":"Environment as a potential source of Fusarium spp. invasive infections in immunocompromised patients","volume":"1","author":"Moretti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu947","article-title":"Risk factors for invasive fusariosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients","volume":"60","author":"Garnica","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx029","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of invasive mould infections: A multicenter, retrospective analysis in five Asian countries","volume":"56","author":"Rotjanapan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"WHO (2022). Fungal Priority Pathogens List to Guide Research, Development and Public Health Action, World Health Organization. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"(2008). Reference Methods for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Filamentous Fungi (Standard No. Approved Standard 2008, M38-A2, 3rd)."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"EUCAST (2020). EUCAST Antifungal MIC Method for Moulds, EUCAST. DOCUMENT E.DEF 9.3.2."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02456-15","article-title":"An international evaluation of MIC distributions and ECV definition for Fusarium species identified by molecular methods for the CLSI broth microdilution method","volume":"60","author":"Colombo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-021-00423-9","article-title":"MALDI-TOF MS: Foundations and a practical approach to the clinical relevant filamentous fungi identification","volume":"15","author":"Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Fungal Infect. Rep."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.01.009","article-title":"The use of MALDI-TOF ICMS as an alternative tool for Trichophyton rubrum identification and typing","volume":"32","author":"Pereira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Enfermedades Infecc. Microbiol. Cl\u00edn."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rabello, V.B.d.S., Corr\u00eaa-Moreira, D., Santos, C., Pinto, T.C.A., Procopio-Azevedo, A.C., Boechat, J., Coelho, R.A., Almeida-Paes, R., Costa, G., and Lima, N. (2023). Preservation Methods in Isolates of Sporothrix Characterized by Polyphasic Approach. J. Fungi, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9010034"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4627","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200900152","article-title":"MALDI-TOF MS-based drug susceptibility testing of pathogens: The example of Candida albicans and fluconazole","volume":"9","author":"Marinach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00224-12","article-title":"Use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDITOF MS) for caspofungin susceptibility testing of Candida and Aspergillus species","volume":"50","author":"Vella","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberto, A.E.M., Xavier, D.E., Vidal, E.E., Vidal, C.F.d.L., Neves, R.P., and de Lima-Neto, R.G. (2020). Rapid Detection of Echinocandins Resistance by MALDI-TOF MS in Candida parapsilosis Complex. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8010109"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2964","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00903-13","article-title":"Rapid antifungal susceptibility testing by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry analysis","volume":"51","author":"Vella","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myv046","article-title":"Detection of triazole resistance among Candida species by matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)","volume":"53","author":"Saracli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9099","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09329-4","article-title":"Potential use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for rapid detection of antifungal resistance in the human pathogen Candida glabrata","volume":"7","author":"Vella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx042","article-title":"Rapid detection of fluconazole resistance in Candida tropicalis by MALDI-TOF MS","volume":"56","author":"Paul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knoll, M.A., Ulmer, H., and Lass-Fl\u00f6rl, C. (2021). Rapid Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts and Molds by MALDI-TOF MS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Fungi, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7010063"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paziani, M.H., Carvalho, L.T., Melhem, M.D.S.C., de Almeida, M.T.G., da Silva, M.E.N.B., Martinez, R., Santos, C., and Kress, M.R.V.Z. (2020). First Comprehensive Report of Clinical Fusarium Strains Isolated in the State of Sao Paulo (Brazil) and Identified by MALDI-TOF MS and Molecular Biology. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8010066"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720609","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.720609","article-title":"Can We Improve Antifungal Susceptibility Testing?","volume":"11","author":"Durand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo, E., Gusm\u00e3o, N., Silva, T., Le Pape, P., and Lima-Neto, R.G. (Res. Sq., 2022). MALDI-TOF MS-based evaluation for azole-susceptibility testing of Aspergillus fumigatus over reference broth microdilution method, Res. Sq., preprint.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1386445\/v1"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faustino, C., and Pinheiro, L. (2020). Lipid Systems for the Delivery of Amphotericin B in Antifungal Therapy. Pharmaceutics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12010029"}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/11\/7\/1834\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:14:10Z","timestamp":1760127250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/11\/7\/1834"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms11071834"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms11071834","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]}}}