{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T03:20:41Z","timestamp":1773199241096,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Listeria monocytogenes poses a threat to both human and animal health. This work describes an L. monocytogenes outbreak in a Portuguese rabbit farm, detailing the isolates\u2019 clinical manifestations, necropsy findings, and phenotypic and genomic profiles. Clinical signs, exclusively observed in does, included lethargy and reproductive signs. Post-mortem examination of does revealed splenomegaly, hepatomegaly with a reticular pattern, pulmonary congestion, and haemorrhagic lesions in the uterus, with thickening of the uterine wall and purulent greyish exudates. Positive L. monocytogenes samples were identified in fattening and maternity units across different samples, encompassing does and environmental samples. Core-genome Multi Locus Sequence Typing (cgMLST) analysis confirmed the outbreak, with the 16 sequenced isolates (lineage II, CC31, and ST325) clustering within a \u22642 allelic difference (AD) threshold. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for five antibiotics revealed that 15 out of 19 outbreak isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT). Concordantly, all SXT-resistant sequenced isolates were found to exclusively harbour a plasmid containing a trimethoprim-resistance gene (dfrD), along with loci linked to resistance to lincosamides (lnuG), macrolides (mphB), and polyether ionophores (NarAB operon). All sequenced outbreak isolates carried the antibiotic resistance-related genes tetM, fosX, lin, norB, lmrB, sul, and mprF. The outbreak cluster comprises isolates from does and the environment, which underscores the ubiquitous presence of L. monocytogenes and emphasizes the importance of biosecurity measures. Despite limited data on listeriosis in rabbit farming, this outbreak reveals its significant impact on animal welfare and production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12040785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T04:44:26Z","timestamp":1712897066000},"page":"785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Unveiling a Listeria monocytogenes Outbreak in a Rabbit Farm: Clinical Manifestation, Antimicrobial Resistance, Genomic Insights and Environmental Investigation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1248-3452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas C.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8209-8624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa","family":"Ribeiro-Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8485-3008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonor","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7814-3659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana C.","family":"Prata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences, Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Pinto","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"NANTA Portugal, S.A., Rua da Esta\u00e7\u00e3o, N\u00b0 157, 4630-221 Marco de Canaveses, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4407-4320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Roque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2697-2399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3767-2209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9219-4222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c2ngela","family":"Pista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6115-8811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Martins da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, de Leix\u00f5es, Av. 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