{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:40:36Z","timestamp":1760146836275,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese public agency that supports science, technology and innovation, FCT","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/00102\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/00102\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"REQUIMTE, Network of Chemistry and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/00102\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/00102\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CERES\u2014Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/00102\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/00102\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimicrobials, widely used in livestock, have induced the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, prompting farmers to explore alternatives like copper. This study aims to determine antimicrobial residues and Cu concentrations in the liver and kidney of piglets and to investigate the correlation between Cu and antimicrobial use and the resistance to Cu and antimicrobials of Escherichia coli isolated from piglets\u2019 faeces. Antimicrobial residues were quantified by UHPLC-ToF-MS; Cu was quantified using FAAS; microbiological methods were used for E. coli isolation, CuSO4 minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and antimicrobial susceptibility; and to detect genes, Real-Time PCR was used. Cu concentrations and antimicrobial residues in piglet livers and kidneys revealed no significant differences. Antimicrobial residues were detected in a significant number of livers and kidneys. While Cu concentrations in the liver were within adequate ranges, those in the kidney exceeded the recommended levels. E. coli isolates from piglet faeces exhibited high antimicrobial drug resistance (AMR), with no clear link to Cu exposure. The genes copA, pcoA, and pcoD, associated with Cu tolerance, were predominantly found in isolates with a CuSO4 MIC of 8 mM. Cu was not used excessively, suggesting that Cu did not replace antimicrobials. E. coli was mostly resistant to antimicrobials and it was not possible to demonstrate that Cu was the trigger for this resistance. There was no relationship between Cu tolerance and AMR in E. coli isolates. This study highlights the need for further research on the complex interplay between metals, antimicrobials, and bacterial resistance in livestock, impacting \u2018One Health\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12122553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T12:58:49Z","timestamp":1733921929000},"page":"2553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Copper and Antimicrobial Residues in the Liver and Kidney\u2014Antimicrobial Resistance and Cu Tolerance Unrelated in Escherichia coli from Piglets\u2019 Faeces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0543-0088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Manuel","family":"Donato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Meio Ambiente, Gen\u00e9tica e Oncologia (CIMAGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8902-0213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability (CERES), Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Assis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Controlo da Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o Animal, Unidade Estrat\u00e9gica de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Servi\u00e7os, Tecnologia e Seguran\u00e7a Alimentar, Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9649-4823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara Carolina","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3292-5473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Controlo da Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o Animal, Unidade Estrat\u00e9gica de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Servi\u00e7os, Tecnologia e Seguran\u00e7a Alimentar, Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Nacional de Refer\u00eancia para a Seguran\u00e7a Alimentar, Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P., Rua dos L\u00e1gidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vair\u00e3o, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6043-819X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rede de Qu\u00edmica e Tecnologia\/Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde (REQUIMTE\/LAQV), Rua Dom Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.10.016","article-title":"Review of Antibiotic Resistance in China and Its Environment","volume":"110","author":"Qiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. 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