{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T18:22:20Z","timestamp":1773166940774,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Funds through Fundac\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT), I.P.","award":["EXPL\/SAU-INF\/1217\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXPL\/SAU-INF\/1217\/2021"]}]},{"name":"National Funds through Fundac\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT), I.P.","award":["2020.05394.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.05394.BD"]}]},{"name":"National Funds through Fundac\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT), I.P.","award":["CEECIND\/03675\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/03675\/2018"]}]},{"name":"FCT through a PhD fellowship","award":["EXPL\/SAU-INF\/1217\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXPL\/SAU-INF\/1217\/2021"]}]},{"name":"FCT through a PhD fellowship","award":["2020.05394.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.05394.BD"]}]},{"name":"FCT through a PhD fellowship","award":["CEECIND\/03675\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/03675\/2018"]}]},{"name":"FCT through Est\u00edmulo Individual ao Emprego Cient\u00edfico","award":["EXPL\/SAU-INF\/1217\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXPL\/SAU-INF\/1217\/2021"]}]},{"name":"FCT through Est\u00edmulo Individual ao Emprego Cient\u00edfico","award":["2020.05394.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.05394.BD"]}]},{"name":"FCT through Est\u00edmulo Individual ao Emprego Cient\u00edfico","award":["CEECIND\/03675\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/03675\/2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neonatal pneumonia, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, is frequently caused by Group B Streptococcus (GBS). The mechanisms underlying protective immunity to this pathogen in the neonatal lung remain incompletely understood. Using a clinically relevant neonatal mouse model of GBS pneumonia, we investigated the immune mechanisms influencing disease severity. We demonstrate that neutrophils are effectively recruited to the lungs of infected neonates, but their phenotype differs with disease severity. In pups with moderate disease, we observe significant infiltration of SiglecFhi neutrophils, a phenotype associated with enhanced phagocytic capacity and bacterial clearance. In contrast, pups with severe disease failed to develop SiglecFhi neutrophils, resulting in reduced bacterial clearance and worsened pathology. We further show that severity is associated with increased expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the lungs. CGRP suppressed neutrophil activation into the SiglecFhi phenotype, thereby limiting their antibacterial function. Our findings show that GBS exploits the neuroimmune axis to evade host immunity through CGRP-mediated suppression of neutrophil activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13092119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T07:51:46Z","timestamp":1757577106000},"page":"2119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["CGRP Suppresses Protective SiglecFhi Neutrophil Development in Neonatal Group B Streptococcus Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9833-3901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Lorga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2971-8489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"E2S\u2014Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"\u00c1rea T\u00e9cnico-Cient\u00edfica Anatomia Patol\u00f3gica, Citol\u00f3gica e Tanatol\u00f3gica, Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marcos S.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"E2S\u2014Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5609-4144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"E2S\u2014Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"\u00c1rea T\u00e9cnico-Cient\u00edfica Anatomia Patol\u00f3gica, Citol\u00f3gica e Tanatol\u00f3gica, Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Anatomia Patol\u00f3gica, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Matosinhos, 4464-513 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"E2S\u2014Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"\u00c1rea T\u00e9cnico-Cient\u00edfica Anatomia Patol\u00f3gica, Citol\u00f3gica e Tanatol\u00f3gica, Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Anatomia Patol\u00f3gica, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Matosinhos, 4464-513 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Regina A.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"E2S\u2014Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"\u00c1rea T\u00e9cnico-Cient\u00edfica Anatomia Patol\u00f3gica, Citol\u00f3gica e Tanatol\u00f3gica, Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Vilanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elva","family":"Bonif\u00e1cio Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"E2S\u2014Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"\u00c1rea T\u00e9cnico-Cient\u00edfica Anatomia Patol\u00f3gica, Citol\u00f3gica e Tanatol\u00f3gica, Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2017.03.002","article-title":"Pneumonia","volume":"22","author":"Hooven","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. 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