{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T14:37:20Z","timestamp":1778164640788,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]],"date-time":"2025-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The search for sustainable and health-promoting food ingredients has positioned microalgae as promising candidates for the development of functional products. Haematococcus pluvialis, a unicellular green microalga, is the richest natural source of astaxanthin, a carotenoid with outstanding antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. In addition to astaxanthin, H. pluvialis provides high-value proteins, essential fatty acids, polysaccharides, and vitamins, which expand its potential applications in the food sector. This review compiles current knowledge on the biology and physiology of H. pluvialis, with emphasis on cultivation strategies, environmental stress factors, and biotechnological tools designed to enhance bioactive compound production. Advances in extraction and purification methods are also discussed, contrasting conventional solvent-based approaches with emerging green technologies. The integration of these strategies with biomass valorization highlights opportunities for improving economic feasibility and sustainability. Applications of H. pluvialis in the food industry include its use as a functional ingredient, natural colorant, antioxidant, and stabilizer in bakery products, beverages, meat analogs, and emulsified systems. Evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies reinforces its safety and effectiveness. Looking ahead, industrial perspectives point to the adoption of omics-based tools, metabolic engineering, and circular economy approaches as drivers to overcome current barriers of cost, stability, and regulation, opening new avenues for large-scale applications in food systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13112606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T15:38:09Z","timestamp":1763393889000},"page":"2606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring the Potential of Haematococcus pluvialis as a Source of Bioactives for Food Applications: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4046-6684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseane C.","family":"Bassani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, Regional Integrated University of Alto Uruguai and the Missions (URI)\u2014Erechim Campus, Erechim 99709-910, RS, Brazil"},{"name":"SENAI Institute of Technology for Food and Beverages, Chapec\u00f3 89803-000, SC, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4143-0122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sth\u00e9fani","family":"da Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SENAI Institute of Technology for Food and Beverages, Chapec\u00f3 89803-000, SC, Brazil"},{"name":"Federal Technological University of Paran\u00e1\u2014Dois Vizinhos Campus, Dois Vizinhos 85660, PR, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7032-7373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah Catharine","family":"de Assis Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Technological University of Paran\u00e1\u2014Dois Vizinhos Campus, Dois Vizinhos 85660, PR, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5662-2197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Creciana M.","family":"Endres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universit\u00e1rio SENAI Santa Catarina\u2014UniSENAI, Campus Chapec\u00f3, Chapec\u00f3 89803-800, SC, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7625-2755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Crivian","family":"Pelisser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universit\u00e1rio SENAI Santa Catarina\u2014UniSENAI, Campus Chapec\u00f3, Chapec\u00f3 89803-800, SC, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8691-4019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karine L.","family":"Meneghetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SENAI Institute of Technology for Food and Beverages, Chapec\u00f3 89803-000, SC, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2838-6262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Bombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GreenCoLab, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1059-9649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alcina M. M. B.","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5138-6941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui M. S. C.","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8652-8399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geciane T.","family":"Backes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, Regional Integrated University of Alto Uruguai and the Missions (URI)\u2014Erechim Campus, Erechim 99709-910, RS, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6607-2283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana","family":"Steffens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, Regional Integrated University of Alto Uruguai and the Missions (URI)\u2014Erechim Campus, Erechim 99709-910, RS, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, and WHO (2023). 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