{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T09:16:01Z","timestamp":1774343761470,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT","award":["UID\/PRR\/6397\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/PRR\/6397\/2025"]}]},{"name":"RISE","award":["LA\/P\/0053\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0053\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most frequent infections in hospitalized and outpatient settings, where Escherichia coli is the predominant pathogen. Conventional diagnostic and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) methods are time-consuming, often requiring 48 h, leading to empirical antibiotic therapy and contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). FASTinov\u00ae developed a rapid phenotypic method that enables AST directly from urine samples within two hours using flow cytometry. In this study, 154 inoculated urine samples were analyzed to evaluate the performance of two diagnostic panels: FASTgramneg for Gram-negative bacteria and FASTgrampos for Gram-positive bacteria. Data analysis was performed using bioFAST\u00ae software (version 3.0), providing results in accordance with EUCAST guidelines. The FASTgramneg panel allows detection of resistance mechanisms, including extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs), and screening of AmpC \u03b2-lactamases and carbapenemases; the FASTgrampos panel additionally determines the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin for Staphylococcus aureus. Overall agreement with conventional AST methods was 97.5% for Gram-negative bacteria and 95.0% for Gram-positive bacteria. All resistance mechanisms were correctly identified with no false positives. The essential agreement for vancomycin\u2019s MIC was 95.2%, with a BIAS of +14.3%. Reproducibility was 99.5% for FASTgramneg and 95.0% for FASTgrampos. These results demonstrate that the FASTinov\u00ae kit significantly reduces turnaround time while maintaining high accuracy, supporting improved UTI management and antimicrobial stewardship.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14030711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T13:53:34Z","timestamp":1774274014000},"page":"711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Proof-of-Concept of a 2-Hours Direct Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test from Inoculated Urine Samples"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mariana","family":"Sousa-Pinheiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Martins-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FASTinov, SA, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FASTinov, SA, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FASTinov, SA, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Silva-Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FASTinov, SA, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0925-689X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Poeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4936-1301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cid\u00e1lia","family":"Pina-Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"FASTinov, SA, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9026-2826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Jos\u00e9","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00306-24","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00306-24","article-title":"Novel technologies for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections","volume":"63","author":"Bermudez","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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