{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T20:10:25Z","timestamp":1775679025124,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/30997\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/30997\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polar ecosystems are generally limited in nitrogen (N) nutrients, and the patchy availability of N is partly determined by biological pathways, such as nitrification, which are carried out by distinctive prokaryotic functional groups. The activity and diversity of microorganisms are generally strongly influenced by environmental conditions. However, we know little of the attributes that control the distribution and activity of specific microbial functional groups, such as nitrifiers, in extreme cold environments and how they may respond to change. To ascertain relationships between soil geochemistry and the ecology of nitrifying microbial communities, we carried out a laboratory-based manipulative experiment to test the selective effect of key geochemical variables on the activity and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing communities in soils from the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. We hypothesized that nitrifying communities, adapted to different environmental conditions within the Dry Valleys, will have distinct responses when submitted to similar geochemical disturbances. In order to test this hypothesis, soils from two geographically distant and geochemically divergent locations, Miers and Beacon Valleys, were incubated over 2 months under increased conductivity, ammonia concentration, copper concentration, and organic matter content. Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and transcripts allowed comparison of the response of ammonia-oxidizing Archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing Bacteria (AOB) to each treatment over time. This approach was combined with measurements of 15NH4+ oxidation rates using 15N isotopic additions. Our results showed a higher potential for nitrification in Miers Valley, where environmental conditions are milder relative to Beacon Valley. AOA exhibited better adaptability to geochemical changes compared to AOB, particularly to the increase in copper and conductivity. AOA were also the only nitrifying group found in Beacon Valley soils. This laboratorial manipulative experiment provided new knowledge on how nitrifying groups respond to changes on key geochemical variables of Antarctic desert soils, and we believe these results offer new insights on the dynamics of N cycling in these ecosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8030404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T08:58:59Z","timestamp":1584089939000},"page":"404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Understanding the Response of Nitrifying Communities to Disturbance in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, University of Waikato, 3240 Hamilton, New Zealand"},{"name":"International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, 3240 Hamilton, New Zealand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2198-0410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mafalda","family":"S. Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, 3240 Hamilton, New Zealand"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3951-3674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"S\u00e9neca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Torgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIAAD-INESC Porto LA, R. Ceuta 118 - 6., 4050-190 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, 6050 University Av., Halifax, NS N3H 1W5, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6562-4733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles","family":"K. Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, University of Waikato, 3240 Hamilton, New Zealand"},{"name":"International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, 3240 Hamilton, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"S. Craig","family":"Cary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, University of Waikato, 3240 Hamilton, New Zealand"},{"name":"International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, 3240 Hamilton, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, University of Waikato, 3240 Hamilton, New Zealand"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR\/CIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Ocean Frontier Institute, Dalhousie University, B3H4R2 Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2281","article-title":"On the rocks: The microbiology of Antarctic Dry Valley soils","volume":"8","author":"Cary","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. 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