{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T17:58:46Z","timestamp":1777485526546,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]],"date-time":"2020-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Community Initiative Action 1.1 Operational Groups promoted by PDR2020 and co-financed by the FEADER under Portugal 2020","award":["Partnership Agreement (PDR2020-101-031204)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Partnership Agreement (PDR2020-101-031204)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pseudomonassyringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a gram-negative bacterium responsible for the bacterial canker in Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa and A. chinensis var. chinensis, a quarantine organism threatening the kiwifruit industry sustainability. The present study aimed to determine the genetic structure of the endophytic and epiphytic populations of Psa isolated from four different Portuguese orchards with distinct abiotic conditions in two consecutive seasons. The results identified several coexisting and highly heterogeneous Psa populations. Moreover, evident changes in population structure occurred between the epiphytic and endophytic populations, and between seasons with a notable decrease in Psa diversity in autumn. This work provided solid evidence that the initial clonal expansion of Psa in Europe was followed by a wide genomic diversification. This perspective is important for the understanding of kiwifruit bacterial canker disease occurrence and Psa evolution, namely when adopting strategies for management of epidemics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8060931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T06:46:12Z","timestamp":1592808372000},"page":"931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Genetic Diversity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae: Seasonal and Spatial Population Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Figueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"FitoLab, Laboratory for Phytopathology, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"FitoLab, Laboratory for Phytopathology, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Aitana","family":"Ares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"FitoLab, Laboratory for Phytopathology, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9301-3585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Tiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4996-3185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Ver\u00edssimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7028-2873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"FitoLab, Laboratory for Phytopathology, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1071\/DN09014","article-title":"Current status of bacterial canker spread on kiwifruit in Italy","volume":"4","author":"Balestra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Australas. 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