{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T03:52:19Z","timestamp":1768708339874,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]],"date-time":"2020-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006111","name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006111","name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50017\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006111","name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50017\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/121645\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/121645\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/05522-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/05522-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["306113\/2014-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306113\/2014-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["308208\/2017-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["308208\/2017-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a phytopathogen responsible for bacterial canker in kiwifruit plants and can be disseminated through pollen. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the inactivation of Psa on kiwifruit pollen using New Methylene Blue (NMB) and Methylene Blue (MB) in the presence\/absence of potassium iodide (KI). Pollen germination assays were also performed to evaluate if it was affected by aPDT. Higher reduction of Psa was achieved using NMB (5.0 \u03bcM) combined with KI (100 mM) in vitro (ca. 8 log CFU mL\u22121 after 90 min of irradiation), while NMB alone promoted a lower reduction (3.7 log CFU mL\u22121). The most efficient NMB concentration with KI was used to study the photodynamic efficiency of MB (5.0 \u03bcM). MB with KI photo-inactivated Psa more efficiently than NMB, causing the same bacterial reduction (ca. 8 log CFU mL\u22121) in half the irradiation time (45 min). Therefore, MB was selected for the subsequent ex vivo aPDT assays in pollen. Almost all the Psa cells added artificially to the pollen (3.2 log CFU mL\u22121) were photo-inactivated (3.1 log CFU mL\u22121), whereas aPDT had a low effect on pollen natural microorganisms. When KI was added, a significant increase in aPDT effectiveness was observed (4.5 log CFU mL\u22121). No negative effects were observed in the pollen germination after aPDT. The results show aPDT is an effective and safe method to Psa inactivation on kiwifruit pollen, and MB use is a promising alternative in the control of Psa transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8071022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]],"date-time":"2020-07-10T09:25:28Z","timestamp":1594373128000},"page":"1022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in the Control of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Transmission by Kiwifruit Pollen"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Margarida M.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2986-2088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Bartolomeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3201-0081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana T. P. C.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Etelvina","family":"Figueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APK-Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Kiwicultores, 4520-249 Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0772-2834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor M.","family":"Balc\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"PhageLab-Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000 Sorocaba\/SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4423-3802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Amparo F.","family":"Faustino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7953-8166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Gra\u00e7a P. M. S.","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8422-8664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adelaide","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.3186\/jjphytopath.55.437","article-title":"Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidae pv. nov.: The causal bacterium of canker of kiwifruit in Japan","volume":"55","author":"Takikawa","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2012.00788.x","article-title":"Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae: A re-emerging, multi-faceted, pandemic pathogen","volume":"13","author":"Scortichini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/epp.12171","article-title":"PM 7\/120 (1) Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae","volume":"44","author":"Stefani","year":"2014","journal-title":"EPPO Bull."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3233\/JBR-140073","article-title":"New insights on the bacterial canker of kiwifruit (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae)","volume":"4","author":"Donati","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Berry. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3059.1994.tb01654.x","article-title":"Occurrence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on kiwifruit in Italy","volume":"43","author":"Scortichini","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/ppa.12125","article-title":"Current situation and characterization of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on kiwifruit in Galicia (northwest Spain)","volume":"63","author":"Abelleira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-03-12-0064-R","article-title":"Phylogenetic Relationships Among Global Populations of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae","volume":"102","author":"Chapman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/ppa.12066","article-title":"Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae: Chemical control, resistance mechanisms and possible alternatives","volume":"63","author":"Cameron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1039\/c7pp00300e","article-title":"An insight into the photodynamic approach: Versus copper formulations in the control of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in kiwi plants","volume":"17","author":"Jesus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochemrev.2014.09.003","article-title":"Potential applications of porphyrins in photodynamic inactivation beyond the medical scope","volume":"22","author":"Alves","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. C Photochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.6739","article-title":"Photodynamic oxidation of Escherichia coli membrane phospholipids: New insights based on lipidomics","volume":"27","author":"Alves","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc.15.59","article-title":"Photodynamic inactivation of bacteria: Finding the effective targets","volume":"7","author":"Almeida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Future Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2015.07.031","article-title":"Photodynamic inactivation of Escherichia coli with cationic meso-tetraarylporphyrins \u2013 The charge number and charge distribution effects","volume":"266","author":"Gomes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3390\/md8010091","article-title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: Study of bacterial recovery viability and potential development of resistance after treatment","volume":"8","author":"Tavares","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1039\/c1pp05097d","article-title":"Mechanisms of photodynamic inactivation of a Gram-negative recombinant bioluminescent bacterium by cationic porphyrins","volume":"10","author":"Tavares","year":"2011","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00267","article-title":"Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on the Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"7","author":"Bartolomeu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartolomeu, M., Reis, S., Fontes, M., Neves, M., Faustino, M.A.F., and Almeida, A. (2017). Photodynamic Action against Wastewater Microorganisms and Chemical Pollutants: An Effective Approach with Low Environmental Impact. Water, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/w9090630"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1039\/c8pp00249e","article-title":"Wastewater chemical contaminants: Remediation by advanced oxidation processes","volume":"17","author":"Bartolomeu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"215","article-title":"Inactivation of fungi in vitro by photosensitization: Preliminary results","volume":"11","author":"Luksiene","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2009.00689.x","article-title":"Photodynamic Inactivation of Conidia of the Fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Aspergillus nidulans with Methylene Blue and Toluidine Blue","volume":"86","author":"Gonzales","year":"2010","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2014.01.008","article-title":"Furocoumarins and coumarins photoinactivate Colletotrichum acutatum and Aspergillus nidulans fungi under solar radiation","volume":"131","author":"Menezes","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02788-13","article-title":"In Vitro Photodynamic Inactivation of Plant-Pathogenic Fungi Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with Novel Phenothiazinium Photosensitizers","volume":"80","author":"Menezes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-018-2913-y","article-title":"Photoinactivation of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in kiwifruit plants by cationic porphyrins","volume":"248","author":"Martins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41438-018-0058-6","article-title":"Pathways of flower infection and pollen-mediated dispersion of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of kiwifruit bacterial canker","volume":"5","author":"Donati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hortic. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"8","article-title":"Heat treatments to kill Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on contaminated pollen","volume":"65","author":"Everett","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Z. Plant Prot. Soc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02665","article-title":"An Insight Into the Potentiation Effect of Potassium Iodide on aPDT Efficacy","volume":"9","author":"Vieira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, A.R., Batista, A.F.P., Gomes, A.T.P.C., Neves, M.G.P.M.S., Faustino, M.A.F., Almeida, A., Hioka, N., and Mikcha, J.M.G. (2019). The Remarkable Effect of Potassium Iodide in Eosin and Rose Bengal Photodynamic Action against Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8040211"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3059.2010.02304.x","article-title":"Molecular and phenotypic features of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae isolated during recent epidemics of bacterial canker on yellow kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) in central Italy","volume":"59","author":"Ferrante","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Firrao, G., Torelli, E., Polano, C., Ferrante, P., Ferrini, F., Martini, M., Marcelletti, S., Scortichini, M., and Ermacora, P. (2018). Genomic structural variations affecting virulence during clonal expansion of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3 in Europe. Front. Microbiol., 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00656"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1126\/science.77.1990.194","article-title":"A Simplified Method of Staining Endospores","volume":"77","author":"Schaeffer","year":"1933","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2002.14.5.431","article-title":"Methylene Blue-a Therapeutic Dye for All Seasons?","volume":"14","author":"Wainwright","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2018.02.008","article-title":"Ferreira-Strixino Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Methylene blue internalization and photodynamic action against clinical and ATCC Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphyloccocus aureus strains","volume":"22","author":"Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis. Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.7261","article-title":"Inactivation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by antimicrobial photodynamic technology using methylene blue","volume":"96","author":"Deng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2017.09.008","article-title":"Photodynamic inactivation of conidia of the fungus Colletotrichum abscissum on Citrus sinensis plants with methylene blue under solar radiation","volume":"176","author":"Gonzales","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2002.120051","article-title":"Treatment of oral candidiasis with methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy in an immunodeficient murine","volume":"93","author":"Teichert","year":"2002","journal-title":"ORAL Surg. ORAL Med. ORAL Pathol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5203","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00019-15","article-title":"Bacterial photodynamic inactivation mediated by methylene blue and red light is enhanced by synergistic effect of potassium iodide","volume":"59","author":"Vecchio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.14.131","article-title":"Potentiation of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation mediated by a cationic fullerene by added iodide: In vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2016.03.049","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy of oral Candida infection in a mouse model","volume":"159","author":"Freire","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2017.1397512","article-title":"Potentiation of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation by inorganic salts","volume":"15","author":"Hamblin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1039\/c7pp00204a","article-title":"Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms sensitized by cationic BODIPY derivatives potentiated by potassium iodide","volume":"16","author":"Reynoso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00467-17","article-title":"Potassium iodide potentiates antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation mediated by rose bengal in in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"61","author":"Wen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.7b00004","article-title":"Potassium Iodide Potentiates Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Using Photofrin","volume":"3","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by methylene blue and potassium iodide to treat urinary tract infection in a female rat model","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"1","article-title":"Luria Broth (LB) and Luria Agar (LA) Media and Their Uses Protocol","volume":"2016","author":"MacWilliams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. Soc. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"1","article-title":"The bacterial spore: Nature\u2019s survival package","volume":"26","author":"Setlow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Culture"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2009.04168.x","article-title":"Porphyrin derivatives as photosensitizers for the inactivation of Bacillus cereus endospores","volume":"106","author":"Oliveira","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.5423\/PPJ.OA.05.2019.0154","article-title":"Characterization of antibacterial strains against kiwifruit bacterial canker pathogen","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Pathol. J."}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/8\/7\/1022\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:49:48Z","timestamp":1760176188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/8\/7\/1022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms8071022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms8071022","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]]}}}