{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T14:12:08Z","timestamp":1774534328918,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]],"date-time":"2020-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["Base and Programmatic Funding [UIDB\/00511\/2020] of the Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy \u2013 LEPABE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Base and Programmatic Funding [UIDB\/00511\/2020] of the Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy \u2013 LEPABE"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["Scientific Employment Stimulus - Individual Call - [CEECIND\/01700\/2017]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Scientific Employment Stimulus - Individual Call - [CEECIND\/01700\/2017]"]}]},{"name":"FEDER funds through COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o (POCI) and by national funds (PIDDAC) through FCT\/MCTES","award":["Project PTDC\/BII-BIO\/29589\/2017 - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029589"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project PTDC\/BII-BIO\/29589\/2017 - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029589"]}]},{"name":"National funds by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and Dire\u00e7\u00e3o Geral do Ensino Superior (DGES)","award":["Ver\u00e3o com Ci\u00eancia"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ver\u00e3o com Ci\u00eancia"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Medical device-associated infections (MDAI) are a critical problem due to the increasing usage of medical devices in the aging population. The inhibition of biofilm formation through the use of probiotics has received attention from the medical field in the last years. However, this sparse knowledge has not been properly reviewed, so that successful strategies for biofilm management can be developed. This study aims to summarize the relevant literature about the effect of probiotics and their metabolites on biofilm formation in medical devices using a PRISMA-oriented (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) systematic search and meta-analysis. This approach revealed that the use of probiotics and their products is a promising strategy to hinder biofilm growth by a broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms. The meta-analysis showed a pooled effect estimate for the proportion of biofilm reduction of 70% for biosurfactants, 76% for cell-free supernatants (CFS), 77% for probiotic cells and 88% for exopolysaccharides (EPS). This review also highlights the need to properly analyze and report data, as well as the importance of standardizing the in vitro culture conditions to facilitate the comparison between studies. This is essential to increase the predictive value of the studies and translate their findings into clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9010027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]],"date-time":"2020-12-23T12:19:51Z","timestamp":1608725991000},"page":"27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["The Use of Probiotics to Fight Biofilms in Medical Devices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"F\u00e1bio M.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Teixeira-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5233-1037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe J. M.","family":"Mergulh\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8992-1097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana C.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3858","DOI":"10.1021\/ac2029997","article-title":"Analytical Challenges of Microbial Biofilms on Medical Devices","volume":"84","author":"Vertes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. 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