{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T08:22:21Z","timestamp":1761294141286,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]],"date-time":"2020-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["SFRH\/BD\/115324\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/115324\/2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Minerals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Fund\u00e3o\u2013Serra da Estrela\u2013Capinha (FSEC) region is characterized by peraluminous to metaluminous Variscan granites intrusive in a complex and thick metasedimentary sequence. This work seeks to characterize the Capinha granite (CG), understand its spatial and genetic relationship with the host Peroviseu\u2013Seia (PS), Belmonte\u2013Covilh\u00e3 (BC) and F\u00e1guas granites, and evaluate its metallogenic potential. To achieve these goals, a multidisciplinary approach was undertaken, including field work and identification of the petrography and microstructures, whole rock geochemistry and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. Four distinct and independent differentiation trends were identified in the granites, namely, PS, BC, Fr\u00e1guas and CG. The PS and BC played a role as host rocks for the W and Sn mineralizations. The Fr\u00e1guas granite is anomalous in Sn and spatially related to the Sn\u2013Li mineralizations, while the CG is anomalous in W and spatially related to W\u2013Sn mineralizations. The post-tectonic CG is a peraluminous ilmenite-type whose ascent and emplacement were tectonically controlled. The Capinha magma used the intersection between the 25\u00b0 N and 155\u00b0 N strike\u2013slip crustal scale faults for passive ascent and emplacement during the late-Variscan extensional phases. The magnetic fabric was drawn using an asymmetric tongue-shaped laccolith for CG. CG experienced two brittle deformation stages that marked the maximum compressive rotation from NE\u2013SW to NNW\u2013SSE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/min10060557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T06:46:12Z","timestamp":1592808372000},"page":"557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Geochemical Signature and Magnetic Fabric of Capinha Massif (Fund\u00e3o, Central Portugal): Genesis, Emplacement and Relation with W\u2013Sn Mineralizations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4703-9645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geoci\u00eancias, Ambiente e Ordenamento de Territ\u00f3rio, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Terra (ICT), P\u00f3lo da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1884-7440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Sant\u2019Ovaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geoci\u00eancias, Ambiente e Ordenamento de Territ\u00f3rio, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Terra (ICT), P\u00f3lo da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8960-7228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Noronha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geoci\u00eancias, Ambiente e Ordenamento de Territ\u00f3rio, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Terra (ICT), P\u00f3lo da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(90)90051-9","article-title":"Microstructure and magnetic susceptibility applied to emplacement kinematics of granites: The example of the Foix pluton (French Pyrenees)","volume":"184","author":"Bouchez","year":"1990","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4317","DOI":"10.1029\/92JB01590","article-title":"Magnetic susceptibility of Mont-Louis Andorra Ilmenite-Type granite (Pyrenees): A New Tool for the Petrographic Characterization and Regional Mapping of Zoned Granite Plutons","volume":"98","author":"Gleizes","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Geophys Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-4937(98)00022-X","article-title":"Interpreting magmatic fabric patterns in plutons","volume":"44","author":"Paterson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lithos"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, A.F. (1989). Granites and mineralization. Petrology, Springer. Encyclopedia of Earth Science.","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-30845-8_81"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1144\/SP350.1","article-title":"Granite-related ore deposits: An introduction","volume":"350","author":"Sial","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pirajno, F. (2009). Hydrothermal Processes and Mineral Systems, Springer. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-8613-7"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01450244","article-title":"Magnetic Anisotropy of rocks and its application in geology and geophysics","volume":"5","author":"Hrouda","year":"1982","journal-title":"Geophys Surv."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Tarling, D.H., and Hrouda, F. (1993). The Magnetic Anisotropy of Rocks, Chapman and Hall. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4301","DOI":"10.1029\/JB093iB05p04301","article-title":"Magma flow directions in dikes of the Koolau complex, Oahu, determined from magnetic fabric studies","volume":"93","author":"Knight","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Geophys Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bouchez, J.L., Hutton, D.H.W., and Stephens, W.E. (1997). Granite is never isotropic: An introduction to AMS studies of granitic rocks. Granite: From Segregation of Melt to Emplacement Fabrics, Kluwer Academic Publishers.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-1717-5"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1144\/gsjgs.136.6.0627","article-title":"The nature, ascent and emplacement of granitic magmas","volume":"136","author":"Pitcher","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Geol. Soc. Lond."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(88)90279-X","article-title":"Magnetic susceptibility, petrofabrics and strain","volume":"156","author":"Borradaile","year":"1988","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(1990)018<0966:NGIQCE>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Nested granites in question: Contrasted emplacement kinematics of independent magmas in the Za\u00ebr pluton, Morocco","volume":"18","author":"Bouchez","year":"1990","journal-title":"Geology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.SP.2004.238.01.18","article-title":"Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS): Magnetic petrofabrics of deformed rocks","volume":"238","author":"Borradaile","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Geol. Soc. Lond."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsg.2009.09.006","article-title":"Structural geology, petrofabrics and magnetic fabrics (AMS, AARM, AIRM)","volume":"32","author":"Borradaile","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Struct. Geol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Major molybdenum deposits and related granitic rocks in Japan","volume":"239","author":"Ishihara","year":"1971","journal-title":"Geol. Surv. Jpn. Rept."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"293","article-title":"The magnetite-series and ilmenite-series granitic rocks","volume":"27","author":"Ishihara","year":"1977","journal-title":"Min. Geol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8141(87)90009-5","article-title":"Magnetic susceptibility of the rock matrix related to magnetic fabric studies","volume":"9","author":"Rochette","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Struct. Geol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/ter.12037","article-title":"Analysis of the ferromagnetic contribution to the susceptibility by low field and high field methods in sedimentary rocks of the Southern Pyrenees and Northern Ebro foreland basin (Spain)","volume":"25","author":"Pueyo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Terra Nova"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N\u00e9d\u00e9lec, A., and Bouchez, J.L. (2015). Granites: Petrology, Structure, Geological Setting, and Metallogeny, English Translation, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198705611.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2475\/ajs.304.2.169","article-title":"Origin of magnetite- and ilmenite-series granitic rocks in the Japan arc","volume":"304","author":"Takagi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1086\/314356","article-title":"Mafic Precursors, Peraluminous Granitoids, and Late Lamprophyres in the Avila Batholith: A Model for the Generation of Variscan Batholiths in Iberia","volume":"107","author":"Bea","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Geol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-4937(94)90040-X","article-title":"The genesisof felsic-mafic plutonic associations: A Sr and Nd isotopic study of the Hercynian Braga Granitoid Massif (Northern Portugal)","volume":"32","author":"Dias","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lithos"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s004100050511","article-title":"Origin of peraluminous granites and granodiorites, Iberian massif, Spain: An experimental test of granite petrogenesis","volume":"135","author":"Castro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contrib. Mineral. Petrol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S1342-937X(05)70724-3","article-title":"Mantle and Crustal Sources in the Genesis of Late-Hercynian Granitoids (NW Portugal):Geochemical and Sr-Nd Isotopic Constraints","volume":"5","author":"Dias","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gondwana Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lithos.2004.04.046","article-title":"Magma-mixing in the genesis of Hercynian calc-alkaline granitoids: An integrated petrographic and geochemical study of the S\u00e1zava intrusion, Central Bohemian Pluton, Czech Republic","volume":"78","author":"Janousek","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lithos"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lithos.2009.01.005","article-title":"Geochemical and isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis of Early Ordovician granodiorite and Variscan two-mica granites from the Gouveia area, central Portugal","volume":"111","author":"Neiva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lithos"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemer.2011.06.002","article-title":"Sequential melting and fractional crystallization: Granites from Guarda-Sabugal area, central Portugal","volume":"71","author":"Neiva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Der Erde"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00710-009-0057-2","article-title":"Multiple crustal sources for post-tectonic I-type granites in the Hercynian Iberian Belt","volume":"96","author":"Villaseca","year":"2009","journal-title":"Miner. Petrol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lithos.2013.01.001","article-title":"Late-Variscan emplacement and genesis of the Vieira do Minho composite pluton, Central Iberian Zone: Constraints from U\u2013Pb zircon geochronology, AMS data and Sr\u2013Nd\u2013O isotope geochemistry","volume":"162\u2013163","author":"Martins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lithos"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lithos.2014.02.023","article-title":"Distinct sources for syntectonic Variscan granitoids: Insights from the Aguiar da Beira region, Central Portugal","volume":"196\u2013197","author":"Costa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lithos"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00531-017-1488-3","article-title":"S-type granite generation and emplacement during a regional switch from extensional to contractional deformation (Central Iberian Zone, Iberian autochthonous domain, Variscan Orogeny)","volume":"107","author":"Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Jazigos portugueses de volframite e cassiterite","volume":"25","author":"Neiva","year":"1944","journal-title":"Com. Serv. Geol. Portugal"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Thadeu, D. (1965). Carta Mineira de Portugal. Not\u00edcia Explicativa. Ser. Geol. Port., 1\u201346."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"23","article-title":"Framework and devolution of Hercynian mineralization in the Iberian Meseta","volume":"52","author":"Schermerhorn","year":"1981","journal-title":"Leidse Geol. Medelelingen"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.17741\/bgsf\/74.1-2.003","article-title":"Portuguese Granites Associated with Sn-W and Au Mineralizations","volume":"74","author":"Neiva","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bull. Geol. Soc. Finl."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"403","article-title":"Jazigos filonianos hidrotermais e aplito-pegmat\u00edticos espacialmente associados a granitos (norte de Portugal)","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Dias","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geologia de Portugal"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"47","article-title":"Sistemas mineralizantes epigen\u00e9ticos na Zona Centro Ib\u00e9rica; express\u00e3o da estrutura\u00e7\u00e3o orog\u00e9nica meso\u2014A tardivarisca","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancias Geol\u00f3gicas: Ensino, Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e sua Hist\u00f3ria"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(86)90237-4","article-title":"Tectonics and Plate Tectonics Model for the Variscan Belt of Europe","volume":"126","author":"Matte","year":"1986","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"291","article-title":"Mod\u00e9le g\u00e9odynamique des Hercynides Ib\u00e9riques","volume":"69","author":"Ribeiro","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mem. Serv. Geol. Port."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dallmeyer, R.D., and Mart\u00ednez Garcia, E. (1990). Geodynamic evolution of the Iberian Massif. Pre-Mesozoic Geology of Iberia, Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-83980-1"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(91)90446-Y","article-title":"Geological constraints on the Paleozoic tectonic evolution of tectonostratigraphic terranes in the Iberian Massif","volume":"185","author":"Quesada","year":"1991","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tecto.2016.04.011","article-title":"A review of the arcuate structures in the Iberian Variscides; constraints and genetic models","volume":"681","author":"Dias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Ribeiro, A. (1974). Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude de Tra\u00e1s-os-Montes Oriental. Mem. Serv. Geol Port., 24."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"227","article-title":"Essai de corr\u00e9lation des phases de d\u00e9formation hercynienne dans le Nord-Ouest P\u00e9ninsulaire","volume":"21","author":"Noronha","year":"1979","journal-title":"Bol. Soc. Geol. Port."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(94)00253-6","article-title":"The Ibero-Armorican Arc: A collision effect against an irregular continent?","volume":"246","author":"Dias","year":"1995","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Julivert, M., Fontbot\u00e9, J.M., Ribeiro, A., and Conde, L. (1974). Mapa Tect\u00f3nico de la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica y Baleares. Escala 1: 1,000,000. Memoria Explicativa. Inst. Geol. Min. Espa\u00f1a, 113."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Farias, P., Gallastegui, G., Gonzalez Lodeiro, F., Marquinez, J., Martin Parra, L.M., Mart\u00ednez Catalan, J.R., de Pablo Macia\u00e1, J.G., and Rodriguez Fernandez, L.R. (1987). Aportaciones al Conocimiento de la Litoestratigrafia y Estructura de Gal\u00edcia Central. IX Reuni\u00e3o de Geologia do Oeste Peninsular, Porto, 1985, Mem\u00f3rias Museu Laborat\u00f3rio Mineralogia Geologia da Faculdade Ci\u00eancias Universidade Porto."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"597","article-title":"Granites and continental collision: Examples from Carboniferous granitoids in the Hercynian Range of Western Europe","volume":"163","author":"Lagarde","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. G\u00e9ol Fr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8141(80)90035-8","article-title":"Shear zones in the Iberian Arc","volume":"2","author":"Choukroune","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Struct. Geol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tecto.2016.10.023","article-title":"Extensional orogenic collapse captured by strike-slip tectonics: Constraints from structural geology and U-Pb geochronology of the Pinhel shear zone (Variscan orogen, Iberian Massif)","volume":"691","author":"Pereira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"399","article-title":"Tourmaline 40Ar\/39Ar chronology of tourmaline-rich rocks from Central Iberia dates the main Variscan deformation phases","volume":"7","author":"Bea","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geol. Acta"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"TC4007","DOI":"10.1029\/2010TC002755","article-title":"Lamprophyre dikes as tectonic markers of late orogenic transtension timing and kinematics: A case study from the Central Iberian Zone","volume":"30","author":"Scarrow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tectonics"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(75)90014-1","article-title":"Les d\u00e9crochements tardi hercyniens du Sud-Ouest del\u2019Europe. G\u00e9om\u00e9trie et essai de reconstitution des conditions de la d\u00e9formation","volume":"25","author":"Arthaud","year":"1975","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Ribeiro, A., Antunes, M.T., Ferreira, M.P., Rocha, R.B., Soares, A.F., Zbyszewski, G., Almeida, F.M., Carvalho, D., and Monteiro, J.H. (1979). Introdution \u00e0 la g\u00e9ologie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du Portugal, Mem Serv Geol Portugal."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"89","article-title":"Cisalhamentos herc\u00ednicos e controlo das mineraliza\u00e7\u00f5es de Sn-W, Au e U na Zona Centro-Ib\u00e9rica, em Portugal","volume":"18","author":"Pereira","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cuad. Lab. Xeolo Laxe"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-1951(02)00514-0","article-title":"The Late-Variscan fault network in central-northern Portugal (NW Iberia): A re-evaluation","volume":"359","author":"Marques","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Bea, F., Carnicero, A., Gonzalo, J., Lopez Plaza, M., and Rodriguez Alonso, M. (1987). Granit\u00f3ides da Zona Centro Ib\u00e9rica e seu enquadramento geodin\u00eamico. Geolog\u00eda de los Granitoides y Rocas Asociadas del Macizo Hesperico, Editorial Rueda. Libro de Homenaje a L.C. Garc\u00eda de Figuerola."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Dias, G., Noronha, F., and Ferreira, N. (2000). Variscan plutonism in the Central Iberian zone (Northern Portugal). Eurogranites, Field meeting, Guidebook."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Martins, H.C.B. (1998). Geoqu\u00edmica e petrog\u00e9nese de granit\u00f3ides tarditect\u00f3nicos e p\u00f3s-tect\u00f3nicos. Implica\u00e7\u00f5es metalog\u00e9nicas. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Tra\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro]."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lithos.2012.02.012","article-title":"U\u2013Pb and 39Ar\/40Ar data constraining the ages of the source, emplacement and recrystallization\/cooling events from late- to post-D3 Variscan granites of the Gouveia area, central Portugal","volume":"153","author":"Neiva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lithos"},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Sousa, M.B. (1982). Litostratigrafia e estrutura do \u201cComplexo Xisto-Grauva\u00e1quico ante-ordov\u00edcico\u201d\u2014Grupo do Douro (Nordeste de Portugal). [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Coimbra]."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Sequeira, A.J.D. (1991). O Grupo das Beiras (Complexo Xisto-Grauva\u00e1quico) entre Zebreira e Penamacor e a sua rela\u00e7\u00e3o com o Ordov\u00edcico, Resumos do III Congresso Nacional de Geologia."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"1","article-title":"O Grupo das Beiras (Complexo Xisto-Grauva\u00e1quico) da regi\u00e3o de Coimbra-Lous\u00e3. Mem\u00f3rias e Not\u00edcias","volume":"112","author":"Sequeira","year":"1991","journal-title":"Publ. Mus. Lab. Mineral. Geol. Univ. Coimbra"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.17979\/cadlaxe.2013.37.0.3585","article-title":"New data on the lithostratigraphy of Beiras Group (Schist Greywacke Complex) in the region of G\u00f3is-Arganil-Pampilhosa da Serra (Central Portugal)","volume":"37","author":"Meireles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cuad Lab Xeolo Laxe"},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Busink, R.W. (1951). Geochemistry of the Panasqueira Tungsten-Tin Deposit, Portugal. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Utrecht (Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht)]."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"Derr\u00e9, C., and L\u00e9colle, M. (1985). Contr\u00f4les structuraux de la mise en place des granites et des min\u00e9ralisations de la zone de Fund\u00e3o-Escarigo (Beira Baixa, Portugal). IX Reuni\u00e3o sobre a Geologia do Oeste Peninsular, Pub Mus Lab Mineral e Geol, Fac Ci\u00eancias do Porto."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"167","article-title":"A zonalidade interna de um plutonito: Estruturas condicionantes e idades de evolu\u00e7\u00e3o (plutonite do Fund\u00e3o, Portugal Central)","volume":"99","author":"Alves","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mem. Not. Publ. Mus. Lab. Miner. Geol. Univ. Coimbra"},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Antunes, I.M.H.R., Neiva, A.M.R., and Corfu, F. (2012, January 24\u201328). U-Pb Early Ordovician emplacement ages and K-Ar Variscan recrystallization ages of the Fund\u00e3o granitic pluton, central Portugal. Proceedings of the European Mineralogical Conference, Frankfurt, Germany. EMC2012-747."},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"Farinha Ramos, J. (1998). Mineraliza\u00e7\u00f5es de metais raros de Seixo Amarelo-Gon\u00e7alo. Contribui\u00e7\u00e3o para o seu conhecimento. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Lisbon]."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"5","article-title":"Geologia do Couto Mineiro da Panasqueira","volume":"32","author":"Thadeu","year":"1951","journal-title":"Com. Serv. Geol. Port."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"2","article-title":"Geological features of the Panasqueira tin-tungsten ore- ocurrence (Portugal)","volume":"11","author":"Bloot","year":"1953","journal-title":"Bol. Soc. Geol. Port."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"813","article-title":"Preliminary study of the temperatures and confining pressures of granite emplacement and mineralization, Panasqueira, Portugal","volume":"73","author":"Clark","year":"1964","journal-title":"Trans. Inst. Min. Metall."},{"key":"ref_74","unstructured":"Conde, L.N., Pereira, V., Ribeiro, A., and Thadeu, D. (1971). Jazigos Hipog\u00e9nicos de Estanho e volfr\u00eamio. I Congresso Hispano-Luso-Americano de Geologia Econ\u00f3mica. Dire\u00e7\u00e3o Geral de Minas e Servi\u00e7os Geol\u00f3gico. Lisboa, 81."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.2113\/gsecongeo.74.8.1721","article-title":"Geologic, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope studies of the tin-tungsten deposits of Panasqueira, Portugal","volume":"74","author":"Kelly","year":"1979","journal-title":"Econ. Geol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.2113\/gsecongeo.77.5.1263","article-title":"Geologic, fluid inclusions, and stable isotope studies of the Tin- Tungsten Deposits of Panasqueira, Portugal\u2014A discussion","volume":"77","author":"Marignac","year":"1982","journal-title":"Econ. Geol."},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"681","article-title":"Geochemistry of Greisenized Granites and Metasomatic Schist of Tungsten-Tin Deposits in Portugal","volume":"Volume 218","author":"Helgeson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Chemical Transport in Metasomatic Processes"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.2113\/gsecongeo.83.2.335","article-title":"Thermochronology of economic mineral deposits: Dating the stages of mineralization at Panasqueira, Portugal by high-precision 40Ar\/39Ar age-spectrum techniques on muscovite","volume":"83","author":"Snee","year":"1988","journal-title":"Econ. Geol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00196084","article-title":"Characterization and timing of the different types of fuids present in the barren and ore-veins of the W-Sn deposit of Panasqueira, Central Portugal","volume":"27","author":"Noronha","year":"1992","journal-title":"Miner. Depos."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9201(84)90038-4","article-title":"Tracing crustal evolution in the NW Iberian Peninsula through Rb-Sr and U-Pb systematics of Paleozoic granitoids: A review","volume":"35","author":"Priem","year":"1984","journal-title":"Phys. Earth Planet. Int."},{"key":"ref_81","unstructured":"\u00c1vila Martins, J., C\u00e2ndido de Medeiros, A., Peres, A.M., Teixeira, A., Pilar, L., and Fernandes, A.P. (1964). Carta Geol\u00f3gica de Portugal na escala 1\/50,000 da Folha 21-A (Sabugal). Serv. Geol. Port."},{"key":"ref_82","unstructured":"Teixeira, C., Martins, J.A., C\u00e2ndido de Medeiros, A., Mesquita, L.P., Peres, A.M., and Pilar, L. (1965). Carta Geol\u00f3gica de Portugal na escala 1\/50,000. Not\u00edcia explicativa da folha 21-A (Sabugal). Serv. Geol. Port., 25."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1127\/0935-1221\/2010\/0022-2072","article-title":"Geochemistry of granitic aplite-pegmatite sills and petrogenetic links with granites, Guarda-Belmonte area, central Portugal","volume":"22","author":"Neiva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Miner."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lithos.2007.10.003","article-title":"Geochemistry of S-type granitic rocks from the reversely zoned Castelo Branco pluton (central Portugal)","volume":"103","author":"Antunes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lithos"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2138\/am.2010.3371","article-title":"Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals","volume":"95","author":"Whitney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. Miner."},{"key":"ref_86","unstructured":"(2020, May 08). Sistema de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o de ocorr\u00eancias e Recursos Minerais Portugueses (SIORMP). Available online: http:\/\/geoportal.lneg.pt\/geoportal\/egeo\/bds\/siorminp\/."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(81)90110-4","article-title":"Characterization of the magnetic fabric of rocks","volume":"79","author":"Jelinek","year":"1981","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_88","first-page":"41","article-title":"Anisoft 4.2.\u2014Anisotropy data browser","volume":"38","author":"Chadima","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contrib. Geophys. Geodesy"},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"223","article-title":"Log des susceptibilit\u00e9s magn\u00e9tiques et anisotropies de susceptibilit\u00e9 dans le granite de Beauvoir: Cons\u00e9quences pour sa mise em place","volume":"2\u20133","author":"Bouchez","year":"1987","journal-title":"G\u00e9ologie De La Fr. Brgm"},{"key":"ref_90","unstructured":"Borges, F.S., and Marques, M.M. (1995). PLANIF: Um Programa de Ana\u00e1lise de imagens para o Estudo de Microestruturas das rochas. IV Congresso Nacional de Geologia, Porto, 1995, Mem Mus Labor Miner Geol Factory Ci\u00eanc University."},{"key":"ref_91","unstructured":"Nogueira, P. (1997). Estudo de paleofluidos mineralizantes (Au, Ag, As) e sua migra\u00e7\u00e3o. Aplica\u00e7\u00e3o a regi\u00f5es aur\u00edferas do Norte de Portugal. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Porto]."},{"key":"ref_92","unstructured":"Strens, R.G.J. (1976). Microcracks in rock. The Physics and Chemistry of Minerals and Rocks, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_93","first-page":"67","article-title":"Fluid inclusion evidence on the genesis of ores in sedimentary and volcanic rocks","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Wolf","year":"1976","journal-title":"Handbook of Stratabound and Stratiform Ore Deposits"},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"644","article-title":"Fluid inclusions","volume":"12","author":"Roedder","year":"1984","journal-title":"Rev. Miner."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2012.03.007","article-title":"Visualizing structural geology: From Excel to Google Earth","volume":"45","author":"Blenkinsop","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput Geosci. UK"},{"key":"ref_96","unstructured":"Allmendinger, R.W., Cardozo, N.C., and Fisher, D. (2013). Structural Geology Algorithms: Vectors & Tensors, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2012.07.021","article-title":"Spherical projections with OSXStereonet","volume":"51","author":"Cardozo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsg.2018.04.022","article-title":"A review of mesoscopic magmatic structures and their potential for evaluating the hypersolidus evolution of intrusive complexes","volume":"125","author":"Paterson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Struct. Geol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8141(02)00035-4","article-title":"The eastern Tonale fault zone: A \u2018natural laboratory\u2019 for crystal plastic deformation of quartz over a temperature range from 250 to 700 \u00b0C","volume":"24","author":"Stipp","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Struct. Geol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1130\/0016-7606(1961)72[175:DOTEIS]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Distribution of the Elements in some major units of the Earth\u2019s Crust","volume":"72","author":"Tukerian","year":"1961","journal-title":"Geol. Soc. Am. Bul."},{"key":"ref_101","unstructured":"Blatt, H., Tracy, R.J., and Owens, B. (1996). Petrology: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic, W.H. Freeman. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1093\/petrology\/42.11.2033","article-title":"A Geochemical Classification for Granitic Rocks","volume":"42","author":"Frost","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Petrol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.2475\/ajs.274.4.321","article-title":"Volcanic rock series in island arcs and active continental margins","volume":"274","author":"Miyashiro","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am. J. Sci."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1086\/623788","article-title":"Classification of igneous rock series","volume":"39","author":"Peacock","year":"1931","journal-title":"J. Geol."},{"key":"ref_105","unstructured":"Shand, S.J. (1943). The Eruptive Rocks, John Wiley. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2541(80)90020-0","article-title":"A classification of volcanic and plutonic rocks using R1,R2-diagrams and major element analysis\u2014Its relationships with current nomenclature","volume":"29","author":"Leterrier","year":"1980","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3406\/bulmi.1988.8096","article-title":"A cationic classification of common plutonic rocks and their magmatic associations: Principles, method, applications","volume":"111","author":"Debon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bull. Min."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2541(85)90034-8","article-title":"Petrogenetic interpretation of granitoid rock series using multicationic parameters","volume":"48","author":"Batchelor","year":"1985","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(78)90114-X","article-title":"Rare-earth abundances in chondritic meteorites","volume":"42","author":"Evensen","year":"1978","journal-title":"Geochim Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(95)00038-2","article-title":"The composition of the continental crust","volume":"59","author":"Wedepohl","year":"1995","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(68)90050-1","article-title":"A review of K-Rb fractionation trends by covariance analysis","volume":"32","author":"Shaw","year":"1968","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(52)90017-3","article-title":"Association of rubidium and potassium and their abundance in common igneous rocks and meteorites","volume":"2","author":"Ahrens","year":"1952","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2541(75)90029-7","article-title":"The relation between Rb, Ba and Sr in granitic rocks","volume":"16","year":"1975","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(87)90060-3","article-title":"Geochemistry of the granitic rocks and their minerals from Serra da Estrela, Central Portugal","volume":"51","author":"Neiva","year":"1987","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01613632","article-title":"Statistical processing of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility measured on groups of specimens","volume":"22","author":"Jelinek","year":"1978","journal-title":"Stud. Geophys. Geod."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8141(85)90048-3","article-title":"Brittle microtectonics: Principles and practice","volume":"7","author":"Hancock","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Struct. Geol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsg.2014.05.011","article-title":"Microfractures: A review","volume":"69","author":"Anders","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Struct. Geol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.05","article-title":"What do experiments tell us about the relative contributions of crust and mantle to the origin of granitic magmas?","volume":"168","year":"1999","journal-title":"Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1093\/petrology\/32.5.935","article-title":"Genesis of peraluminous granites. I. Experimental investigation of melt compositions at 3 and 5 kb and various H2O activities","volume":"32","author":"Holtz","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Petrol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1093\/petroj\/39.4.689","article-title":"Experimental constraints on Himalayan Anatexis","volume":"39","author":"Harris","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Petrol."},{"key":"ref_121","first-page":"33","article-title":"Oxidized and reduced Portuguese Variscan granites associated with W and Sn hydrothermal lode deposits: Magnetic susceptibility results","volume":"100","author":"Martins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comun. Geol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsg.2010.09.003","article-title":"Magmatic structures and kinematics emplacement of the Variscan granites from Central Portugal (Serra da Estrela and Castro Daire areas)","volume":"32","author":"Olivier","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Struct. Geol."},{"key":"ref_123","first-page":"1","article-title":"Laccoliths; mechanics of emplacement and growth","volume":"220","author":"Corry","year":"1988","journal-title":"Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(92)90316-X","article-title":"Granitic magma transport by fracture propagation","volume":"204","author":"Clemens","year":"1992","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8141(93)90095-R","article-title":"Re-examination pluton emplacement processes","volume":"15","author":"Paterson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Struct. Geol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8141(95)00012-3","article-title":"Analogue models of laccolith formation","volume":"17","author":"Brun","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Struct. Geol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.2475\/ajs.297.6.651","article-title":"Granite intrusion along strike\u2013slip zones in experiment and nature","volume":"297","author":"Gaspais","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Sci."},{"key":"ref_128","first-page":"77","article-title":"Geometry of granite emplacement in the upper crust: Contributions of analogue modelling","volume":"Volume 168","author":"Castro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Understanding Granites: Integrating New and Classical Techniques"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/35047000","article-title":"Granite magma formation, transport and emplacement in the Earth\u2019s crust","volume":"408","author":"Petford","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8141(86)90069-6","article-title":"Structural pattern and ascent model in the Central Extremadura batholith, Hercynian belt, Spain","volume":"8","author":"Castro","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Struct. Geol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/343452a0","article-title":"A new mechanism of granite emplacement: Intrusion in active extensional shear zones","volume":"343","author":"Hutton","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_132","first-page":"1","article-title":"Granitic magma ascent and emplacement: Neither dispirism nor neutral buoyancy","volume":"Volume 174","author":"Venderville","year":"2000","journal-title":"Salt, Shale and Igneous Diapirsin and around Europe"},{"key":"ref_133","unstructured":"Lehmann, B. (1990). Metallogeny of Tin, Springer. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences."},{"key":"ref_134","unstructured":"Activation Laboratories Lda (2020, January 13). Official Page. Available online: https:\/\/actlabs.com\/geochemistry\/lithogeochemistry-and-whole-rock-analysis\/lithogeochemistry\/."}],"container-title":["Minerals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-163X\/10\/6\/557\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:41:16Z","timestamp":1760175676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-163X\/10\/6\/557"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]]},"references-count":134,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["min10060557"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/min10060557","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-163X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-163X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]]}}}