{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:32:59Z","timestamp":1760236379596,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/99636\/2014","UID\/GEO\/04035\/2019 + UIDB\/04035\/2020","UIDB\/50017\/2020 + UIDP\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/99636\/2014","UID\/GEO\/04035\/2019 + UIDB\/04035\/2020","UIDB\/50017\/2020 + UIDP\/50017\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Minerals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fogo (Fogo Island) is the youngest and most active volcano of Cape Verde. The last eruption occurred in 2014\u20132015. Aiming to assess the dust sources that impacted the air quality during the present study period, fresh lava samples were collected, while Saharan dust intrusions and transport were modeled. Rooftop dust was also collected on the island dwellings and a mineralogical and chemical characterization was undertaken. Air quality monitors were used to obtain concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants. The mineralogical constitution was assessed by XRD and Electron Microprobe. The pseudototal chemical concentration was performed by XRF, ICP-MS and SEM; the latter includes particles morphology. During the study, WRF-CHIMERE results showed the intrusion of desert dust which affected the air quality. Lava was classified as tephritic to basanitic, with high potassium content. The Pollution Load Index for rooftop dust was &gt;1 in all samples, suggesting an enrichment. Higher values were found in dust size fraction &lt;63 \u00b5m, with contamination factor pointing to high enrichment of As, Ni and Pb, and very high enrichment of Cd. The non-carcinogenic hazard estimated for children suggested that health problems may arise. The carcinogenic risk was above the target risk, mostly due to As &gt; Pb &gt; Co. Ingestion was the main exposure route. PM10 concentrations exceeded the 24-h mean of 50 \u00b5g\/m3 recommended by WHO. Nevertheless, TVOCs displayed levels lower than guidelines. The highest levels of CO2 were recorded in more populated villages and farthest from the volcano.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/min11111275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T21:32:07Z","timestamp":1637184727000},"page":"1275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dust Characterization and Its Potential Impact during the 2014\u20132015 Fogo Volcano Eruption (Cape Verde)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6664-8545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Candeias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Unit, Geosciences Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4080-0737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula Freire","family":"\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LNEG National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, Rua da Amieira, Apartado 1089, 4466-901 S. Mamede de Infesta, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3231-3186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, Environment and Planning Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Gama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, Environment and Planning Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Sequeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Unit, Geosciences Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3019-8471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Ferreira","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Unit, Geosciences Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3636-3933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Unit, Geosciences Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.01466","article-title":"The health impact of Saharan dust exposure","volume":"32","author":"Kotsyfakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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