{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T11:41:41Z","timestamp":1771587701560,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NORTE-45-2020-75-SISTEMA DE APOIO \u00c0 INVESTIGA\u00c7\u00c3O CIENT\u00cdFICA E TECNOL\u00d3GICA-\u201cPROJETOS ESTRUTURADOS DE I&amp;D\u201d-HORIZONTE EUROPA","award":["NORTE-45-2020-75"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-45-2020-75"]}]},{"name":"NORTE-45-2020-75-SISTEMA DE APOIO \u00c0 INVESTIGA\u00c7\u00c3O CIENT\u00cdFICA E TECNOL\u00d3GICA-\u201cPROJETOS ESTRUTURADOS DE I&amp;D\u201d-HORIZONTE EUROPA","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000056"]}]},{"name":"NORTE-45-2020-75-SISTEMA DE APOIO \u00c0 INVESTIGA\u00c7\u00c3O CIENT\u00cdFICA E TECNOL\u00d3GICA-\u201cPROJETOS ESTRUTURADOS DE I&amp;D\u201d-HORIZONTE EUROPA","award":["UIDB\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04683\/2020"]}]},{"name":"NORTE-45-2020-75-SISTEMA DE APOIO \u00c0 INVESTIGA\u00c7\u00c3O CIENT\u00cdFICA E TECNOL\u00d3GICA-\u201cPROJETOS ESTRUTURADOS DE I&amp;D\u201d-HORIZONTE EUROPA","award":["UIDP\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04683\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Minerals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Associated with the exploitation of metallic minerals in Europe during the 20th century, several mining areas were abandoned without adequate environmental intervention. Furthermore, these areas lack studies to characterize the impact of pollution on the hydrogeological system. The area surrounding the tungsten mine of Regoufe, in northern Portugal, is one such area exploited during the Second World War. The accumulation of sulfide-rich tailings may have caused an acid mine drainage (AMD), where the leaching processes caused by seepage water led to soil contamination, evidenced by its acid character and anomalous concentrations of some Potentially Toxic Elements (PTE) reported in previous studies. The present research proposes an innovative approach that seeks the integration of different geophysical techniques to characterize the impact of mining activity on the subsurface. Electrical resistivity (ER) and electromagnetic (EM) were used to measure subsurface electrical properties. In addition, seismic refraction and Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) were performed to characterize the geometry, depth, and geomechanical behavior of the soil and rock bodies. The integration of these techniques allowed the interpretation of hydrogeological sections and a 3D resistivity volume to gain insight into the distribution of potentially contaminating fluids and tailings material present in the mining valley.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/min13010055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T02:56:50Z","timestamp":1672282610000},"page":"55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Environmental Impact Assessment of the Subsurface in a Former W-Sn Mine: Integration of Geophysical Methodologies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hender","family":"Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geoci\u00eancias, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Territ\u00f3rio, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Gomes Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sixense, Rua do Batalheiro, n\u00ba 39, 2580-061 Alenquer, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1884-7440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Sant\u2019Ovaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geoci\u00eancias, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Territ\u00f3rio, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4704-2174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Espinha Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Correia, V.F., Favas, P.J.C., and S\u00e1, A. 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