{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:30:08Z","timestamp":1760243408384,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,28]],"date-time":"2013-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polygalacturonases (PG) are pectinolytic enzymes that have technological, functional and biological applications in food processing, fruit ripening and plant-fungus interactions, respectively. In the present, a microtitre plate methodology was used for rapid screening of 61 isolates of fungi from Aspergillus section Nigri to assess production of endo- and exo-PG. Studies of scale-up were carried out in a fixed bed reactor operated under different parameters using the best producer strain immobilised in orange peels. Four experiments were conducted under the following conditions: the immobilised cells without aeration; immobilised cells with aeration; immobilised cells with aeration and added pectin; and free cells with aeration. The fermentation was performed for 168 h with removal of sample every 24 h. Aspergillus niger strain URM 5162 showed the highest PG production. The results obtained indicated that the maximum endo- and exo-PG activities (1.18 U\u00b7mL\u22121 and 4.11 U\u00b7mL\u22121, respectively) were obtained when the reactor was operating without aeration. The microtitre plate method is a simple way to screen fungal isolates for PG activity detection. The fixed bed reactor with orange peel support and using A. niger URM 5162 is a promising process for PG production at the industrial level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules18021660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,28]],"date-time":"2013-01-28T11:00:47Z","timestamp":1359370847000},"page":"1660-1671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Production of Polygalacturonases by Aspergillus section Nigri Strains in a Fixed Bed Reactor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00edlia","family":"Maciel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Recife 50670-420, Pernambuco, Brazil"},{"name":"IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Micoteca da Universidade do Minho, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristiane","family":"Ottoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Micoteca da Universidade do Minho, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cledir","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Micoteca da Universidade do Minho, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2185-0613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelson","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Micoteca da Universidade do Minho, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Keila","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Garanhuns 55292-270, Pernambuco, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Souza-Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Recife 50670-420, Pernambuco, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Neves, M.F., Trombin, V.G., Milan, P., Lopes, F.F., Cressoni, F., and Kalaki, R. 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