{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T04:04:40Z","timestamp":1773633880951,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]],"date-time":"2016-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress is one of the key phenomena behind the most common types of chronic diseases. Therefore, the modulation of oxidative stress is an interesting target for acting either through prevention or as a therapeutic approach. In this work, a Portuguese variety of cherry (Saco Cherry) was processed in order to obtain a potent in vitro antioxidant phenolic-rich extract (Ch-PRE), which was further explored to evaluate its potential application as nutraceutical agent against cellular oxidative stress damage. Ch-PRE was mainly composed of anthocyanins, particularly cyanidin-3-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside and neochlorogenic acid, and exhibited a potent chemical antioxidant activity expressed by its oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and hydroxyl radical averting capacity (HORAC) values. Ch-PRE also displayed effective intracellular radical scavenging properties in intestinal epithelial and neuronal cells challenged with oxidative stress but showed a different order of effectiveness regarding the modulation of endogenous antioxidant system. Ch-PRE could be an attractive candidate to formulate an agent for the prevention of oxidative stress-induced disorders such as intestinal inflammation disorders or with an appropriated delivery system for neurodegenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21040406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]],"date-time":"2016-03-24T11:55:16Z","timestamp":1458820516000},"page":"406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Protective Effect of a (Poly)phenol-Rich Extract Derived from Sweet Cherries Culls against Oxidative Cell Damage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4888-9414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Matias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Agron\u00f3mica Nacional, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta-do-Marqu\u00eas, Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Agron\u00f3mica Nacional, Apartado 12, Oeiras 2781-901, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o do Medicamento (IMED), Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida das For\u00e7as Armadas, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1294-9227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Rosado-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Agron\u00f3mica Nacional, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta-do-Marqu\u00eas, Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Agron\u00f3mica Nacional, Apartado 12, Oeiras 2781-901, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Agron\u00f3mica Nacional, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta-do-Marqu\u00eas, Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Agron\u00f3mica Nacional, Apartado 12, Oeiras 2781-901, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4639-6883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Figueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Agron\u00f3mica Nacional, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Agron\u00f3mica Nacional, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta-do-Marqu\u00eas, Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Agron\u00f3mica Nacional, Apartado 12, Oeiras 2781-901, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Bronze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Agron\u00f3mica Nacional, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta-do-Marqu\u00eas, Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Agron\u00f3mica Nacional, Apartado 12, Oeiras 2781-901, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o do Medicamento (IMED), Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida das For\u00e7as Armadas, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cla\u00fadia","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Agron\u00f3mica Nacional, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta-do-Marqu\u00eas, Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Agron\u00f3mica Nacional, Apartado 12, Oeiras 2781-901, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Agron\u00f3mica Nacional, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta-do-Marqu\u00eas, Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Agron\u00f3mica Nacional, Apartado 12, Oeiras 2781-901, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2010.12.002","article-title":"Free radicals and antioxidants\u2014Quo vadis?","volume":"32","author":"Halliwell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.2174\/187152711794480375","article-title":"Antioxidants in health, disease and aging","volume":"10","author":"Obrenovich","year":"2011","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2010.11.034","article-title":"Modulation of endogenous antioxidant system by wine (poly)phenols in human disease","volume":"412","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/10408690490468489","article-title":"Antioxidants and prevention of chronic disease","volume":"44","author":"Willcox","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2006.06.005","article-title":"Use of herbal preparations in the treatment of oxidant-mediated inflammatory disorders","volume":"15","author":"Kaplan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Complement Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2006.07.004","article-title":"Regulation of inflammation and redox signaling by dietary(poly)phenols","volume":"72","author":"Rahman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0368-x","article-title":"On the use of herbal medicines in management of inflammatory bowel diseases: A systematic review of animal and human studies","volume":"54","author":"Rahimi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2012.01.006","article-title":"Natural (poly)phenols against neurodegenerative disorders: Potentials and pitfalls","volume":"11","author":"Ebrahime","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu585","article-title":"(Poly)phenols protect from \u03b1-synuclein toxicity by reducing oxidative stress and promoting autophagy","volume":"24","author":"Macedo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCune, L., Kubota, C., Stendell-Hollis, N., and Thomson, C. (2011). Cherries and Health: A Review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 51.","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390903001719"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2174\/1874256401004010007","article-title":"Food Applications and Physiological Effects of Anthocyanins as Functional Food Ingredients","volume":"4","author":"Ship","year":"2010","journal-title":"Open Food Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"7","article-title":"Anthocyanins: Antioxidant and\/or anti-inflammatory activities","volume":"6","author":"Miguel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.07.088","article-title":"Identification of bioactive response in traditional cherries from Portugal","volume":"125","author":"Serra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6993","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15106993","article-title":"Cherry antioxidants: From farm to table","volume":"15","author":"Ferretti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI.31.3.443","article-title":"Fruit characteristics and sensory attributes of an ideal sweet cherry","volume":"31","author":"Kappel","year":"1996","journal-title":"HortScience"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"307","article-title":"Influence of growing conditions on yield and quality of cherry: II. Fruit quality","volume":"2","author":"Predieri","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Food Agric. Environ."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1021\/jf030595s","article-title":"Effect of ripeness and postharvest storage on the phenolic profiles of cherries (Prunus avium L.)","volume":"52","author":"Goncalves","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2010.06.005","article-title":"Processing cherries (Prunus avium) using supercritical fluid technology. Part 1: Recovery of extract fractions rich in bioactive compounds","volume":"55","author":"Serra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2010.06.006","article-title":"Processing cherries (Prunus avium) using supercritical fluid technology. Part 2. Evaluation of SCF extracts as promising natural chemotherapeutical agents","volume":"55","author":"Serra","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-006-0346-5","article-title":"Adsorptive recovery of phenolic compounds from apple juice","volume":"224","author":"Kammerer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1021\/jf1032203","article-title":"Adsorption and Ion Exchange: Basic Principles and Their Application in Food Processing","volume":"59","author":"Kammerer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2011.02.010","article-title":"Recovery, concentration and purification of phenolic compounds by adsorption: A review","volume":"105","author":"Soto","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2013.08.043","article-title":"Evaluation of Opuntia spp. derived products as antiproliferative agents in human colon cancer cell line (HT29)","volume":"54","author":"Serra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3269","DOI":"10.1039\/C4FO00071D","article-title":"Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of a flavonoid-rich concentrate recovered from Opuntia ficus-indica juice","volume":"5","author":"Matias","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200500194","article-title":"Modulation of oxidative cell damage by reconstituted mixtures of phenolic apple juice extracts in human colon cell lines","volume":"50","author":"Schaefer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Serra, A.T. (2010). Valorization of Traditional Portuguese Apples and Cherries\u2014Biochemical Characterization and Development of Functional Ingredients. [Ph.D. Thesis, Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa]."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0734727","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of sour cherries (Prunus cerasus L.): Role of colorless phytochemicals from the methanolic extract of ripe fruits","volume":"56","author":"Piccolella","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15042576","article-title":"Antioxidant Capacity of Macaronesian Traditional Medicinal Plants","volume":"15","author":"Tavares","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-008-9059-7","article-title":"Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Moscatel Dessert Wines from the Setubal Region in Portugal","volume":"2","author":"Feliciano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Anal. Method"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2011.03.010","article-title":"Novel and established intestinal cell line models\u2014An indispensable tool in food science and nutrition","volume":"22","author":"Langerholc","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.1.243S","article-title":"Bioavailability and bioefficacy of (poly)phenols in humans. II. Review of 93 intervention studies","volume":"81","author":"Williamson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5651","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0531959","article-title":"Absorption of anthocyanins from blueberry extracts by Caco-2 human intestinal cell monolayers","volume":"54","author":"Yi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1089\/152308601317203503","article-title":"Transport of proanthocyanidin dimer, trimer, and polymer across monolayers of human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells","volume":"3","author":"Deprez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.111.040147","article-title":"Absorption and metabolism of chlorogenic acids in cultured gastric epithelial monolayers","volume":"39","author":"Farrell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1021\/jf035407c","article-title":"Transepithelial transport of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and their colonic metabolites in intestinal Caco2 cell monolayers","volume":"52","author":"Konishi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2010.09.006","article-title":"Basic biochemical mechanisms behind the health benefits of (poly)phenols","volume":"31","author":"Fraga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(03)00003-2","article-title":"Protein carbonyl groups as biomarkers of oxidative stress","volume":"329","author":"Rossi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2009.033","article-title":"Glutathione dysregulation and the etiology and progression of human diseases","volume":"390","author":"Ballatori","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasthuri, B., Magalingam, A., Kutty, R., and Nagaraja, H. (2015). Protective Mechanisms of Flavonoids in Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/314560"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1021\/jf047975d","article-title":"Anthocyanins antioxidant activity and partition behavior in Whey protein emulsion","volume":"53","author":"Viljanen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"23","article-title":"Flavonoids and the aging brain","volume":"56","author":"Schaffer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.08.002","article-title":"Flavonoids and the brain: Interactions at the blood-brain barrier and their physiological effects on the central nervous system","volume":"37","author":"Youdim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-012-0307-7","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of digested (poly)phenols from wild blackberry species","volume":"52","author":"Tavares","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)00400-7","article-title":"The effect of aging and an oxidative stress on peroxide levels and the mitochondrial membrane potential in isolated rat hepatocytes","volume":"449","author":"Cavazzoni","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35789","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C500238200","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide is generated during the very early stages of aggregation of the amyloid peptides implicated in Alzheimer disease and familial British dementia","volume":"280","author":"Tabner","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.10.025","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of blackberry (Rubus sp.) (poly)phenols is potentiated after simulated gastrointestinal digestion","volume":"131","author":"Tavares","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.1.230S","article-title":"Bioavailability and bioefficacy of (poly)phenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies","volume":"81","author":"Manach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.07.078","article-title":"Protective effects of the citrus flavanones to PC12 cells against citotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide","volume":"484","author":"Su","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2009.10.017","article-title":"Protective effects of flavonoids and two metabolites against oxidative stress in neuronal PC12 cells","volume":"86","author":"Pavlica","year":"2010","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.07.017","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of anthocyanins and their in vivo metabolites in SH-SY5Y cells","volume":"424","author":"Tarozzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-009-9083-4","article-title":"Anthocyanins: Are they beneficial in treating ethanol neurotoxicity?","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.05.048","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside anthocyanin in mice with focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"500","author":"Min","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-008-8037-y","article-title":"Hormetic dietary phytochemicals","volume":"10","author":"Son","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuromol. Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.1965.16.3.144","article-title":"Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents","volume":"16","author":"Singleton","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am. J. Enol. Vitic."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4437","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0201529","article-title":"High-throughput assay of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) using a multichannel liquid handling system coupled with a microplate flourescence reader in 96-well format","volume":"50","author":"Huang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2772","DOI":"10.1021\/jf011480w","article-title":"Novel fluorometric assay for hydroxyl radical prevention capacity using fluorescein as the probe","volume":"50","author":"Ou","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11119","DOI":"10.1021\/jf102762s","article-title":"Citrus Fruit Extracts Reduce Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs)- and H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Adipocytes","volume":"58","author":"Ramful","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2006.11.028","article-title":"Determination of reduced and oxidized glutathione in biological samples using liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection","volume":"43","author":"Zakova","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/21\/4\/406\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:21:14Z","timestamp":1760210474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/21\/4\/406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules21040406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules21040406","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]]}}}