{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:18:57Z","timestamp":1760242737970,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]],"date-time":"2016-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberaria lignosa (Sweet) Samp. is found in European regions, and has antioxidant properties due to its composition in ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds. Given its traditional use and antioxidant properties, the tumor cell growth inhibitory potential of aqueous extracts from T. lignosa (prepared by infusion and decoction) was investigated in three human tumor cell lines: MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), NCI-H460 (non-small cell lung cancer), and HCT-15 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma). Both extracts inhibited the growth of these cell lines; the most potent one being the T. lignosa extract obtained by infusion in the NCI-H460 cells (GI50 of approximately 50 \u03bcg\/mL). Further assays were carried out with this extract in NCI-H460 cells. At 100 \u03bcg\/mL or 150 \u03bcg\/mL it caused an increase in the percentage of cells in the G0\/G1 phase and a decrease of cells in S phase of the cell cycle. Additionally, these concentrations caused an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells. In agreement, a decrease in total poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and pro-caspase 3 levels was found. In conclusion, the T. lignosa extract obtained by infusion was more potent in NCI-H460 cells, altering the cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis. This work highlights the importance of T. lignosa as a source of bioactive compounds with tumor cell growth inhibitory potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21050595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]],"date-time":"2016-05-06T10:19:23Z","timestamp":1462529963000},"page":"595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["An Aqueous Extract of Tuberaria lignosa Inhibits Cell Growth, Alters the Cell Cycle Profile, and Induces Apoptosis of NCI-H460 Tumor Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Joana","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP\u2014Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Lopes-Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-135, Portugal"},{"name":"Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP\u2014Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS-UP\u2014Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4613-1917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-135, Portugal"},{"name":"Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP\u2014Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP\u2014Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-135, Portugal"},{"name":"Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP\u2014Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Oncology, FMUP\u2014Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, Porto 4200-319, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4910-4882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Apartado 1172, Bragan\u00e7a 5301-855, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7801-4643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP\u2014Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal"},{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-135, Portugal"},{"name":"Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP\u2014Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.05.011","article-title":"Plants as a source of anti-cancer agents","volume":"100","author":"Cragg","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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