{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T04:29:27Z","timestamp":1771561767551,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]],"date-time":"2017-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The chemical characterization and antioxidant potential of twelve wild strains of Ganoderma sp. from Ghana, nine (LS1\u2013LS9) of which were found growing wild simultaneously on the same dying Delonix regia tree, were evaluated. Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. Antioxidant potential was evaluated by investigating reducing power, radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition using five in vitro assays. Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents ranged between 15.7\u201324.5 g\/100 g\u00b7dw, 73.31\u201381.90 g\/100 g, 0.48\u20131.40 g\/100 g, 0.68\u20132.12 g\/100 g ash and 396.1\u2013402.02 kcal\/100 g, respectively. Fatty acids such as linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids were relatively abundant. Free sugars included rhamnose, fructose, mannitol, sucrose and trehalose. Total tocopherols, organic acids and phenolic compounds\u2019 content ranged between 741\u20133191 \u00b5g\/100 g, 77\u20131003 mg\/100 g and 7.6\u2013489 \u00b5g\/100 g, respectively. There were variations in the \u03b2-glucans, ergosterol and vitamin D2 contents. The three major minerals in decreasing order were K &gt; P &gt; S. Ganoderma sp. strain AM1 showed the highest antioxidant activity. This study reveals, for the first time, chemical characteristics of Ganoderma spp. which grew simultaneously on the same tree.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22020196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]],"date-time":"2017-01-25T09:50:44Z","timestamp":1485337844000},"page":"196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Ganoderma Species from Ghana"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0776-6095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Obodai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Food Research Institute, Mycology Unit, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Narh Mensah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Food Research Institute, Mycology Unit, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana"}]},{"given":"\u00c2ngela","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 1172, Bragan\u00e7a 5300-253, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nii","family":"Kortei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana"}]},{"given":"Matilda","family":"Dzomeku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Food Research Institute, Mycology Unit, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8606-0917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Teegarden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}]},{"given":"Lillian","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 1172, Bragan\u00e7a 5300-253, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 1134, Bragan\u00e7a 5301-857, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Juanita","family":"Prempeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Food Research Institute, Mycology Unit, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Takli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Food Research Institute, Mycology Unit, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4910-4882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 1172, Bragan\u00e7a 5300-253, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"316","article-title":"Fungal Planet 395 Ganoderma wiiroense","volume":"35","author":"Otto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pers. Mol. Phylogeny Evol. Fungi"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"416","article-title":"Fungal planet 449 Ganoderma mbrekobenum","volume":"36","author":"Otto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pers. Mol. Phylogeny Evol. Fungi"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Obodai, M., Blanchette, R.A., Barnes, C.W., Otto, E.C., Narh Mensah, D.L., Dzomeku, M., Prempeh, J., and Takli, R.K. (2016). Identification of Species within the Ganoderma lucidum Complex in Ghana, CSIR\u2014Food Research Institute. CSIR-FRI\/RE\/OM\/2016\/006."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2014.10.011","article-title":"Chemical features of Ganoderma polysaccharides with antioxidant, antitumor and antimicrobial activities","volume":"114","author":"Ferreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2006.07.004","article-title":"Ganoderma\u2014A therapeutic fungal biofactory","volume":"67","author":"Paterson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020422900507","article-title":"Mushrooms, tumors, and immunity: An update","volume":"229","author":"Borchers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/376387","article-title":"Edible mushrooms: Improving human health and promoting quality life","volume":"2015","author":"Valverde","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycres.2007.02.011","article-title":"Medicinal importance of fungal \u03b2-(1\u21923), (1\u21926)-glucans","volume":"111","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mycol. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2004.10.043","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts from Ganoderma tsugae","volume":"93","author":"Mau","year":"2005","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.03.085","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds occurring in edible mushrooms","volume":"128","author":"Palacios","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1615\/IntJMedMushrooms.v1.i2.20","article-title":"Biomedical triterpenoids of Ganoderma lucidum (curt.:fr.) P. Karst. (Aphyllophoromycetideae)","volume":"1","author":"Kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Mushrooms"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.105.072801","article-title":"Comparative molecular dynamics study of lipid membranes containing cholesterol and ergosterol","volume":"90","author":"Czub","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.091736","article-title":"Solar ultraviolet radiation and vitamin D: A historical perspective","volume":"97","author":"Rajakumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Singh, M. (2014, January 19\u201322). Identification of Ergosterol in Mushrooms. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products (ICMBMP8), New Delhi, India."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2009.1052.1057","article-title":"Potential of a Wild Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma sp., as Feed Supplement in Chicken Diet: Effect on Performance and Health of Pullets","volume":"11","author":"Ogbe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Obodai, M., and Apetorgbor, M. (2001). An Ethnobotanical Study of Mushroom Germplasm and Its Domestication in the Bia Biosphere Reserve of Ghana, UNESCO through Environmental Protection Agency of Ghana."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Apetorgbor, M.M., Apetorgbor, A.K., and Nutakor, E. (March, January 28). Utilization and cultivation of edible mushrooms for rural livelihood in Southern Ghana. Proceedings of the 17th Commonwealth Forestry Conference, Colombo, Sri Lanka."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4236\/aim.2014.41008","article-title":"Ethnomycological Conspectus of West African Mushrooms: An Awareness Document","volume":"4","author":"Osarenkhoe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Obodai, M., Dzomeku, M., Mensah, D.N., and Takli, R. Mushroom Cultivation Technology in Ghana. Available online: http:\/\/wsmbmp.org\/Bol14\/1.html."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398809527480","article-title":"Pleurotus mushrooms. Part II. Chemical composition, nutritional value, post-harvest physiology, preservation, and role as human food","volume":"27","author":"Bano","year":"1988","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Korley, K.J.N. (2015). Comparative Effect of Steam and Gamma Irradiation Sterilization of Sawdust Compost on the Yield, Nutrient and Shelf\u2014Life of Pleurotus Ostreatus (Jacq. Ex. Fr) Kummer Stored in Two Different Packaging Materials. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Ghana]. Avaiable online: http:\/\/ugspace.ug.edu.gh:8080\/xmlui\/handle\/123456789\/8949."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3065","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-014-1733-x","article-title":"Correlation between the production of exopolysaccharides and oxalic acid secretion by Ganoderma applanatum and Tyromyces palustris","volume":"30","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"10","article-title":"Effect of Polyherbal Aqueous Extracts (Moringa oleifera, Gum arabic and wild Ganoderma lucidum) in Comparison with Antibiotic on Growth Performance and Haematological Parameters of Broiler Chickens","volume":"1","author":"Ogbe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. J. Recent Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"24","article-title":"Proximate composition, phytochemical and elemental analysis of some organic solvent extract of the wild mushroom\u2014Ganoderma lucidum","volume":"2","author":"Usman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nat. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"143","article-title":"Biochemical estimation of wild Ganoderma lucidum colleted from differnt agro-climatic zones of Haryana","volume":"5","author":"Takshak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharma Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"161","article-title":"Proximate, Mineral and Anti-Nutrient Composition of Wild Ganoderma lucidum: Implication on Its Utilization in Poultry Production","volume":"3","author":"Ogbe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. J. Appl. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"3708","article-title":"Biochemical esimation of wildly collected Ganoderma lucidum from Central Himalayan Hills of India","volume":"3","author":"Rawat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Appl. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-010-1728-5","article-title":"Assessment of heavy metals in some wild edible mushrooms collected from Yunnan Province, China","volume":"179","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3906\/bot-1302-39","article-title":"A comparative study of taxonomy, physicochemical parameters, and chemical constituents of Ganoderma lucidum and G. philippii from Uttarakhand, India","volume":"38","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Turk. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(00)00304-6","article-title":"Nutritional value of mushrooms widely consumed in Italy","volume":"73","author":"Manzi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3109\/09637486.2013.832173","article-title":"A detailed comparative study between chemical and bioactive properties of Ganoderma lucidum from different origins","volume":"65","author":"Barros","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.5941\/MYCO.2015.43.4.423","article-title":"The effects of different substrates on the growth, yield, and nutritional composition of two oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus cystidiosus)","volume":"43","author":"Hoa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mycobiology"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2011.12.009","article-title":"Fruiting body, spores and in vitro produced mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum from Northeast Portugal: A comparative study of the antioxidant potential of phenolic and polysaccharidic extracts","volume":"46","author":"Heleno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.2174\/092986709787909587","article-title":"Antioxidants in wild mushrooms","volume":"16","author":"Ferreira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2006.07.013","article-title":"Antitumor polysaccharides from mushrooms: A review on their isolation process, structural characteristics and antitumor activity","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.07.015","article-title":"Effect of maize genotype, developmental stage, and cooking process on the nutraceutical potential of huitlacoche (Ustilago maydis)","volume":"119","author":"Barry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.03.052","article-title":"Fatty acid and sugar compositions, and nutritional value of five wild edible mushrooms from Northeast Portugal","volume":"105","author":"Barros","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1039\/C3FO60721F","article-title":"Phenolic extracts of Rubus ulmifolius Schott flowers: Characterization, microencapsulation and incorporation into yogurts as nutraceutical sources","volume":"5","author":"Martins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.10.056","article-title":"Chemical composition and nutritional value of the most widely appreciated cultivated mushrooms: An inter-species comparative study","volume":"50","author":"Reis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4634","DOI":"10.1021\/jf300739m","article-title":"Phenolic, polysaccharidic, and lipidic fractions of mushrooms from northeastern portugal: Chemical compounds with antioxidant properties","volume":"60","author":"Heleno","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7265","DOI":"10.1021\/jf8008553","article-title":"Phenolic Compound Concentration and Antioxidant Activities of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms from Korea","volume":"56","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"2202","article-title":"Rapid detection of Ganoderma lucidum and assessment of inhibition effect of various control measures by immunoassay and PCR","volume":"8","author":"Karthikeyan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"6","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract from Ganoderma lucidum cultivated in the medium supplemented with herbs","volume":"1","author":"Zhen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acad. J. Med. Plants"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.02.021","article-title":"The nutrients of exotic mushrooms (Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus species) and an estimated approach to the volatile compounds","volume":"105","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.5322\/JES.2007.16.1.021","article-title":"Determination of mineral and trace elements of Ganoderma lucidum consumed in China","volume":"16","author":"Nguyen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Int."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(98)00212-X","article-title":"Nutrients in edible mushrooms: An inter-species comparative study","volume":"65","author":"Manzi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (2006). American Dietetic Association\u2019s Complete Food and Nutrition Guide, John Wiley & Sons. [3th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"3216","article-title":"Minerals and trace elements in domesticated Namibian Ganoderma species","volume":"48","author":"Mhanda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)\u2014Nutrient Database USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Available online: http:\/\/www.ars.usda.gov\/Services\/docs."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3923\/pjn.2011.577.581","article-title":"Proximate minerals and anti-nutritional factors of Gardenia aqualla (Gauden dutse) fruit pulp","volume":"10","author":"Muhammad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pak. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-0717(96)00061-2","article-title":"Relationship of soil ergosterol concentration and fungal biomass","volume":"28","author":"Stahl","year":"1996","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6419","DOI":"10.1021\/jf020608m","article-title":"Basic composition and amino acid contents of mushrooms cultivated in Finland","volume":"50","author":"Mattila","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2013.11.012","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of Coprinopsis atramentaria extract, organic acids and their synthesized methylated and glucuronate derivatives","volume":"55","author":"Heleno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(01)00342-9","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of several commercial mushrooms","volume":"77","author":"Yang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.03.033","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of Agaricus sp. mushrooms by chemical, biochemical and electrochemical assays","volume":"111","author":"Barros","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.06.017","article-title":"Nutrients and non-nutrients composition and bioactivity of wild and cultivated Coprinus comatus (O.F.M\u00fcll.) Pers","volume":"59","author":"Reis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"1427","article-title":"In vitro antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of a medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum","volume":"3","author":"Rajasekaran","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00018a005","article-title":"Antioxidative Properties of Xanthan on the Autoxidation of Soybean Oil in Cyclodextrin Emulsion","volume":"40","author":"Shimada","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1995). Official Methods of Analysis, AOAC. [16th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2011.03.006","article-title":"Effects of trophism on nutritional and nutraceutical potential of wild edible mushrooms","volume":"44","author":"Grangeia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-012-9443-1","article-title":"Optimized analysis of organic acids in edible mushrooms from portugal by ultra fast liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection","volume":"6","author":"Barros","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/92.5.1327","article-title":"Measurement of vitamin D in foods and nutritional supplements by liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"92","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.09.025","article-title":"Tocopherols composition of Portuguese wild mushrooms with antioxidant capacity","volume":"119","author":"Heleno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/22\/2\/196\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:26:59Z","timestamp":1760207219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/22\/2\/196"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules22020196"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules22020196","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]]}}}