{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T06:23:40Z","timestamp":1777530220690,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]],"date-time":"2018-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The thermal and chemical-based methods applied for microbial control in the food industry are not always environmentally friendly and may change the nutritional and organoleptic characteristics of the final products. Moreover, the efficacy of sanitizing agents may be reduced when microbial cells are enclosed in biofilms. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of photodynamic inactivation, using two xanthene dyes (rose bengal and erythrosine) as photosensitizing agents and green LED as a light source, against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria innocua, Enterococcus hirae and Escherichia coli in both planktonic and biofilm states. Both photosensitizing agents were able to control planktonic cells of all bacteria tested. The treatments altered the physicochemical properties of cells surface and also induced potassium leakage, indicating damage of cell membranes. Although higher concentrations of the photosensitizing agents (ranging from 0.01 to 50.0 \u03bcmol\/L) were needed to be applied, the culturability of biofilm cells was reduced to undetectable levels. This finding was confirmed by the live\/dead staining, where propidium iodide-labeled bacteria numbers reached up to 100%. The overall results demonstrated that photoinactivation by rose bengal and erythrosine may be a powerful candidate for the control of planktonic cells and biofilms in the food sector.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23092288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]],"date-time":"2018-09-07T11:47:41Z","timestamp":1536320861000},"page":"2288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Rose Bengal and Erythrosine Is Effective in the Control of Food-Related Bacteria in Planktonic and Biofilm States"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6266-8813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex Fiori","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Maring\u00e1, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"},{"name":"LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6929-6805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabela","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9320-8964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila Fabiano","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringa, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0775-5839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noboru","family":"Hioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringa, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6405-7992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane Martha Graton","family":"Mikcha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Maring\u00e1, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3355-4398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2018, May 26). European Food Safety Authority Food-Borne Zoonotic Diseases | European Food Safety Authority. Available online: https:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\/en\/topics\/topic\/food-borne-zoonotic-diseases."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2018, May 29). WHO Food Safety. Available online: http:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/food-safety."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2018, May 29). 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