{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T02:53:12Z","timestamp":1761706392972,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]],"date-time":"2018-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["748880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["748880"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/BBB-EBI\/0567\/2014","UID\/BIM\/04293\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BBB-EBI\/0567\/2014","UID\/BIM\/04293\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors-COMPETE","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016585","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016585","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cellular glycosylation plays a pivotal role in several molecular mechanisms controlling cell\u2013cell recognition, communication, and adhesion. Thus, aberrant glycosylation has a major impact on the acquisition of malignant features in the tumor progression of patients. To mimic these in vivo features, an innovative high-throughput 3D spheroid culture methodology has been developed for gastric cancer cells. The assessment of cancer cell spheroids\u2019 physical characteristics, such as size, morphology and solidity, as well as the impact of glycosylation inhibitors on spheroid formation was performed applying automated image analysis. A detailed evaluation of key glycans and glycoproteins displayed by the gastric cancer spheroids and their counterpart cells cultured under conventional 2D conditions was performed. Our results show that, by applying 3D cell culture approaches, the model cell lines represented the differentiation features observed in the original tumors and the cellular glycocalix underwent striking changes, displaying increased expression of cancer-associated glycan antigens and mucin MUC1, ultimately better simulating the glycosylation phenotype of the gastric tumor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23112815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T03:50:56Z","timestamp":1540957856000},"page":"2815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Multicellular Human Gastric Cancer Spheroids Mimic the Glycosylation Phenotype of Gastric Carcinomas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Meritxell","family":"Balma\u00f1a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Mereiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6539-7318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca","family":"Diniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"T\u00e1lia","family":"Feij\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Barrias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar\u2013ICBAS, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0286-6639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celso","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar\u2013ICBAS, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Medical Faculty, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bray, F., Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Siegel, R.L., Torre, L.A., and Jemal, A. 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