{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:09:20Z","timestamp":1777496960326,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]],"date-time":"2018-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18935\/12-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18935\/12-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chitosan and chitosan-nanoparticles were combined to prepare biobased and unplasticized film blends displaying antimicrobial activity. Nanosized chitosans obtained by sonication for 5, 15, or 30 min were combined with chitosan at 3:7, 1:1, and 7:3 ratios, in order to adjust blend film mechanical properties and permeability. The incorporation of nanosized chitosans led to improvements in the interfacial interaction with chitosan microfibers, positively affecting film mechanical strength and stiffness, evidenced by scanning electron microscopy. Nanosized or blend chitosan film sensitivity to moisture was significantly decreased with the drop in biocomposite molecular masses, evidenced by increased water solubility and decreased water vapor permeability. Nanosized and chitosan interactions gave rise to light biobased films presenting discrete opacity and color changes, since red-green and yellow-blue colorations were affected. All chitosan blend films exhibited antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The performance of green unplasticized chitosan blend films displaying diverse morphologies has, thus, been proven as a potential step towards the design of nontoxic food packaging biobased films, protecting against spoilage microorganisms, while also minimizing environmental impacts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24010127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]],"date-time":"2018-12-31T07:22:30Z","timestamp":1546240950000},"page":"127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Edible Chitosan Films and Their Nanosized Counterparts Exhibit Antimicrobial Activity and Enhanced Mechanical and Barrier Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7096-5380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laidson P.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2619-6892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hil\u00e9ia K. S.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Campi\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Qu\u00edmica da Universidade do Porto (CIQ-UP), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina T.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Macromol\u00e9culas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Hor\u00e1cio Macedo, 2030-Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio F.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Qu\u00edmica da Universidade do Porto (CIQ-UP), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8873-4097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria P.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6093-134X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vania M. Flosi","family":"Paschoalin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2014.01.007","article-title":"Modified chitosan: A step toward improving the properties of antibacterial food packages","volume":"1","author":"Kashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Pack. 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