{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T01:09:45Z","timestamp":1772845785021,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,31]],"date-time":"2019-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["160446\/2013-9 and Proc. 301250\/2013-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["160446\/2013-9 and Proc. 301250\/2013-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Projeto Tem\u00e1tico 2013\/08166-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Projeto Tem\u00e1tico 2013\/08166-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI\/01\/0145\/FEDER\/007265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI\/01\/0145\/FEDER\/007265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/109621\/2015, PD\/BD\/105957\/2014, IF\/00293\/2015,Partnership Agreement PT2020 UID\/QUI\/50006\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/109621\/2015, PD\/BD\/105957\/2014, IF\/00293\/2015,Partnership Agreement PT2020 UID\/QUI\/50006\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CALIPSO funded program - SOLEIL Synchrotron","award":["20130142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20130142"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Membrane lipids have been disregarded in drug development throughout the years. Recently, they gained attention in drug design as targets, but they are still disregarded in the latter stages. Thus, this study aims to highlight the relevance of considering membrane lipids in the preclinical phase of drug development. (2) Methods: The interactions of a drug candidate for clinical use (licofelone) with a membrane model system made of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) were evaluated by combining Langmuir isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) measurements. (3) Results: Licofelone caused the expansion of the DPPC isotherm without changing the lipid phase transition profile. Moreover, licofelone induced the reduction of DPPC packing density, while increasing the local order of the DPPC acyl chains. (4) Conclusions: The licofelone-induced alterations in the structural organization of phosphatidylcholine monolayers may be related to its pharmacological actions. Thus, the combination of studying drug-membrane interactions with the pharmacological characterization that occurs in the preclinical stage may gather additional information about the mechanisms of action and toxicity of drug candidates. Ultimately, the addition of this innovative step shall improve the success rate of drug development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24030516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T03:08:05Z","timestamp":1548990485000},"page":"516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Licofelone-DPPC Interactions: Putting Membrane Lipids on the Radar of Drug Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5407-3983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Pereira-Leite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1187-6580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Lopes-de-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3394-6508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Fontaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synchrotron SOLEIL, L\u2019Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France"}]},{"given":"Iolanda M.","family":"Cuccovia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Salette","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blass, B.E. (2015). Chapter 1-Drug Discovery and Development: An Overview of Modern Methods and Principles. 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