{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T02:09:07Z","timestamp":1775095747701,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]],"date-time":"2019-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/85092\/2012, SFRH\/BD\/122953\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/85092\/2012, SFRH\/BD\/122953\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The stabilization of G-Quadruplex DNA structures by ligands is a promising strategy for telomerase inhibition in cancer therapy since this enzyme is responsible for the unlimited proliferation of cancer cells. To assess the potential of a compound as a telomerase inhibitor, selectivity for quadruplex over duplex DNA is a fundamental attribute, as the drug must be able to recognize quadruplex DNA in the presence of a large amount of duplex DNA, in the cellular nucleus. By using different spectroscopic techniques, such as ultraviolet-visible, fluorescence and circular dichroism, this work evaluates the potential of a series of multicharged phthalocyanines, bearing four or eight positive charges, as G-Quadruplex stabilizing ligands. This work led us to conclude that the existence of a balance between the number and position of the positive charges in the phthalocyanine structure is a fundamental attribute for its selectivity for G-Quadruplex structures over duplex DNA structures. Two of the studied phthalocyanines, one with four peripheral positive charges (ZnPc1) and the other with less exposed eight positive charges (ZnPc4) showed high selectivity and affinity for G-Quadruplex over duplex DNA structures and were able to accumulate in the nucleus of UM-UC-3 bladder cancer cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24040733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T04:08:20Z","timestamp":1550549300000},"page":"733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Multicharged Phthalocyanines as Selective Ligands for G-Quadruplex DNA Structures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0200-2005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina I. V.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"QOPNA &amp; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Susana P.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QOPNA &amp; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Leandro M. O.","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QOPNA &amp; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia M. R.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QOPNA &amp; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4423-3802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Amparo F.","family":"Faustino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QOPNA &amp; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o P. C.","family":"Tom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQE &amp; Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, n1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3035-4881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josu\u00e9","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6630-1242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7953-8166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Gra\u00e7a P. M. S.","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QOPNA &amp; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00038-8","article-title":"Begining to understand the end of the chromosome","volume":"116","author":"Cech","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.7.677","article-title":"Telomerase and cancer","volume":"10","author":"Shay","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. 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