{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T05:26:30Z","timestamp":1772083590309,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Sergipe (FAPITEC), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["CNPq, #443238\/2014-6, #470388\/2014-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq, #443238\/2014-6, #470388\/2014-5"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["M-ERA-NET\/0004\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M-ERA-NET\/0004\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) can be produced by various methods, but most of them are difficult to scale up. Supercritical fluid (SCF) is an important tool to produce micro\/nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution and high encapsulation efficiency. The aim of this work was to produce cetyl palmitate SLNs using SCF to be loaded with praziquantel (PZQ) as an insoluble model drug. The mean particle size (nm), polydispersity index (PdI), zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency (EE) were determined on the freshly prepared samples, which were also subject of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), drug release profile, and in vitro cytotoxicity analyses. PZQ-SLN exhibited a mean size of ~25 nm, PdI ~ 0.5, zeta potential ~\u221228 mV, and EE 88.37%. The DSC analysis demonstrated that SCF reduced the crystallinity of cetyl palmitate and favored the loading of PZQ into the lipid matrices. No chemical interaction between the PZQ and cetyl palmitate was revealed by FTIR analysis, while the release or PZQ from SLN followed the Weibull model. PZQ-SLN showed low cytotoxicity against fibroblasts cell lines. This study demonstrates that SCF may be a suitable scale-up procedure for the production of SLN, which have shown to be an appropriate carrier for PZQ.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24213881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T11:26:13Z","timestamp":1572261973000},"page":"3881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Praziquantel-Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Produced by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction: Physicochemical Characterization, Release Profile, and Cytotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Luciana N.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Technology and Research, Aracaju SE 49032-490, Brazil"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University Tiradentes, Aracaju SE 49032-490, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Daniele M.L.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Technology and Research, Aracaju SE 49032-490, Brazil"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University Tiradentes, Aracaju SE 49032-490, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3618-8415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco V.","family":"Chaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Sorocaba\u2014UNISO, Sorocaba SP 18023-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3586-9457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thais F.R.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Sorocaba\u2014UNISO, Sorocaba SP 18023-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Nery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Technology and Research, Aracaju SE 49032-490, Brazil"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University Tiradentes, Aracaju SE 49032-490, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Classius F.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology and Natural Products, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Diadema SP 09913-030, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Joyce K.C.","family":"Gonsalves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o SE 49100-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Rog\u00e9ria S.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o SE 49100-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Cristiane B.","family":"Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o SE 49100-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Ricardo G.","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o SE 49100-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2571-108X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Sanchez-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028  Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), P\u00f3lo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Eliana B.","family":"Souto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), P\u00f3lo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CEB\u2014Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6527-6612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Severino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Technology and Research, Aracaju SE 49032-490, Brazil"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University Tiradentes, Aracaju SE 49032-490, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028  Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Tiradentes Institute, 150 Mt. Vernon St., Dorchester, MA 02125, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2017.07.001","article-title":"Beyond liposomes: Recent advances on lipid based nanostructures for poorly soluble\/poorly permeable drug delivery","volume":"68","author":"Teixeira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Souto, E.B., and Muller, R.H. (2010). Lipid nanoparticles: Effect on bioavailability and pharmacokinetic changes. Handb. Exp. Pharm., 115\u2013141.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00477-3_4"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2007.04.007","article-title":"Solid lipid nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for peptides and proteins","volume":"59","author":"Almeida","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. 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