{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T22:23:59Z","timestamp":1762899839818,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/96037\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/96037\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013239","name":"Centro de Estudos Ambientais e Marinhos, Universidade de Aveiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/AMB\/50017\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/AMB\/50017\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013239","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ragworms (Hediste diversicolor) cultured under integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) conditions display an improved fatty acids (FA) profile than conspecifics from the wild, thus being more suitable for maturation diets of marine fish and shrimp. Nonetheless, their use may represent a potential pathway for pathogens. The objective of the present study was to determine if high-pressure processing (HPP), as an approach to safeguard microbiological safety, could promote significant shifts on the FA profiles of different sized ragworms. An analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) revealed the existence of significant differences in the FA profile and lipid quality indexes (atherogenicity (AI), thrombogenicity (TI) and polyene (PI)) of control and HPP treated ragworms of all tested sizes (small, medium and large). Saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated FA (MUFA) increased after HPP, while polyunsaturated FA (PUFA; FA with 2 or 3 double bonds) and highly unsaturated FA (HUFA; FA with \u2265 4 double bonds) decreased. The amount of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in polychaetes exposed to HPP decreased an average of 25%, when compared with the levels recorded in control groups. The values of PI significantly decreased after HPP, while those of AI and TI displayed a significant increase. Despite the shifts in the FA profile of ragworms exposed to HPP, these still display a superior profile to that of wild specimens, namely the presence of DHA. Therefore, HPP can be considered as a suitable approach to safeguard the biosecurity of cultured polychaetes, without compromising their nutritional value, and support the principles of circular economy through the use of IMTA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24244503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T11:22:51Z","timestamp":1575890571000},"page":"4503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effect of High-Pressure Processing (HPP) on the Fatty Acid Profile of Different Sized Ragworms (Hediste diversicolor) Cultured in an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Bruna","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology &amp; CESAM &amp; ECOMARE, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5228-0329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Isabel","family":"Lilleb\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology &amp; CESAM &amp; ECOMARE, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5357-3601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria do Ros\u00e1rio M.","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry &amp; CESAM &amp; ECOMARE, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5536-6056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge A.","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry &amp; QOPNA &amp; LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1670-9335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Calado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology &amp; CESAM &amp; ECOMARE, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2019, November 04). FAO. Available online: http:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/a-i5555e.pdf."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-008045405-4.00065-3","article-title":"Multitrophic Integration for Sustainable Marine Aquaculture","volume":"Volume 3","author":"Chopin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecological Engineering, Encyclopedia of Ecology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2015.09.006","article-title":"Improving sustainability of aquaculture in Europe: Stakeholder dialogues on Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture (IMTA)","volume":"55","author":"Alexander","year":"2016","journal-title":"Env. Sci. Policy"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2017.12.027","article-title":"The rise of aquaculture by-products: Increasing food production, value, and sustainability through strategic utilization","volume":"90","author":"Stevens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar. Policy"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2009.09.002","article-title":"The fatty acid composition of Nereis diversicolor cultured in an integrated recirculated system: Possible implications for aquaculture","volume":"296","author":"Bischoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2010.06.011","article-title":"Polychaete-assisted sand filters","volume":"306","author":"Palmer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/s11802-017-3256-1","article-title":"Applicability of Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube for fish waste removal from fish cages in Sanggou Bay, P.R. China","volume":"16","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ocean Univ. China"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.05.121","article-title":"New species for the biomitigation of a super-intensive marine fish farm effluent: Combined use of polychaete-assisted sand filters and halophyte aquaponics","volume":"599","author":"Marques","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Env."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3354\/ab00090","article-title":"Influence of food regimes and seasonality on fatty acid composition in the ragworm","volume":"4","author":"Hardege","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aquat. Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3354\/aei00255","article-title":"Adding value to ragworms (Hediste diversicolor) through the bioremediation of a super-intensive marine fish farm","volume":"10","author":"Marques","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aquac. Environ. Interact."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(96)01276-8","article-title":"Effect of food fatty acid and sterol quality on Pecten maximus gonad composition and reproduction process","volume":"143","author":"Soudant","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-9546.1000111","article-title":"Arachidonic acid is a Major Component in Gonadal Fatty acids of Tropical Coral Reef fish in the Philippines and Japan","volume":"2","author":"Suloma","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Aquac. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2109.2005.01342.x","article-title":"Maturation diet based on fatty acid content for male Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) broodstock","volume":"36","author":"Meunpol","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aquac. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2008.06.003","article-title":"Effect of dietary supplements of mussel and polychaetes on spawning performance of captive sole, Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758)","volume":"113","author":"Cardinaletti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.2331\/suisan.50.1023","article-title":"Effect of nutritional quality of diets given to broodstock on the Verge of Spawning on reproduction of Red-Sea Bream","volume":"50","author":"Watanabe","year":"1984","journal-title":"Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(01)00581-6","article-title":"Effect of broodstock nutrition on reproductive performance of fish","volume":"197","author":"Izquierdo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(99)00083-6","article-title":"Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish","volume":"177","author":"Sargent","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(02)00370-8","article-title":"Arachidonic acid in aquaculture feeds: Current status and future opportunities","volume":"218","author":"Bell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.07.140","article-title":"Potential role of polyunsaturated fatty acids, with particular regard to the signaling pathways of arachidonic acid and its derivatives in the process of maturation of the oocytes: Contemporary review","volume":"94","author":"Khajeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(96)01436-6","article-title":"Effects of broodstock dietary lipid on fatty acid compositions of eggs from sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)","volume":"149","author":"Bell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0491(95)00029-8","article-title":"Seasonal changes in lipid content and composition of the polychaete Nereis (Hediste) diversicolor","volume":"111","author":"Luis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Phys. B"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2015.05.015","article-title":"New opportunities and perspectives of high-pressure treatment to improve health and safety attributes of foods. A review","volume":"77","author":"Barba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2016.05.041","article-title":"High-pressure processing effects on foodborne bacteria by mid-infrared spectroscopy analysis","volume":"73","author":"Moreirinha","year":"2016","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390600626420","article-title":"Opportunities and Challenges in High Pressure Processing of Foods","volume":"47","author":"Rastogi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s00003-009-0311-x","article-title":"Food preservation by high pressure","volume":"5","author":"Heinz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Consum. Prot. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2015.10.002","article-title":"High-pressure processing of mild smoked rainbow trout fillets (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and fresh European catfish fillets (Silurus glanis)","volume":"32","author":"Mengden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.10.037","article-title":"Validation of high-pressure processing for inactivating Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas)","volume":"144","author":"Ma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.200900173","article-title":"Effect of high-pressure treatment on microbial activity and lipid oxidation in chilled coho salmon","volume":"112","author":"Aubourg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.03.029","article-title":"Effect of high-pressure processing and cooking treatment on the quality of Atlantic salmon","volume":"116","author":"Yagiz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2007.00560.x","article-title":"Effect of high-pressure treatment on the quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and mahi mahi (Coryphaena hippurus)","volume":"72","author":"Yagiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2005.08.004","article-title":"Effect of high-pressure processing (HPP) on shelf life of albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) minced muscle","volume":"7","author":"Morrissey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-2244(93)90019-7","article-title":"High-pressure processing of fish and fish products","volume":"4","author":"Ohshima","year":"1993","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2007.12.004","article-title":"Changes in the microbiological and physicochemical quality of high-pressure-treated oysters (Crassostrea gigas) during chilled storage","volume":"19","author":"Kerry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129809541171","article-title":"High-pressure processing and preservation of food","volume":"14","author":"Thakur","year":"1998","journal-title":"Food Rev. Int."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.2331\/fishsci.62.134","article-title":"Carotenoids as singlet oxygen quenchers in marine organisms","volume":"62","author":"Shimidzu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fish. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2011.06.022","article-title":"Effect of high-pressure treatment on the fatty acid composition of intramuscular lipid in pork","volume":"90","author":"He","year":"2012","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2012.12.005","article-title":"Lipid hydrolysis and oxidation development in frozen mackerel (Scomber scombrus): Effect of a high hydrostatic pressure pre-treatment","volume":"18","author":"Torres","year":"2013","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2013.03.006","article-title":"Effects of high-pressure treatment and temperature on lipid oxidation and fatty acid composition of yak (Poephagus grunniens) body fat","volume":"94","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2014.11.011","article-title":"Differential abundance of sarcoplasmic proteome explains animal effect on beef Longissimus lumborum color stability","volume":"102","author":"Canto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"158","article-title":"El The changes of fatty acid composition in sun dried, oven dried and frozen hake (Merluccius merluccius) and sardinella (Sardinella aurita)","volume":"7","author":"Telahigue","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2004.07.090","article-title":"Evaluation of a methylation procedure to determine cyclopropenoids fatty acids from Sterculia striata St. Hil. Et Nauds seed oil","volume":"1054","author":"Lago","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91846-M","article-title":"Coronary heart disease: Seven dietary factors","volume":"338","author":"Ulbricht","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1990.tb01085.x","article-title":"Rancidity and lipid oxidation of dried-salted sardines","volume":"25","author":"Lubis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2008.07.006","article-title":"Animal-sediment relationships revisited: Characterising species\u2019 distributions along an environmental gradient using canonical analysis and quantile regression splines","volume":"366","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Clarke, K., and Gorley, R. (2006). PRIMER v6: User manual\/tutorial. PRIMER-E, Plymouth, Plymouth Marine Laboratory."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/24\/24\/4503\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:40:42Z","timestamp":1760190042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/24\/24\/4503"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules24244503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules24244503","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1420-3049"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]]}}}