{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:47:17Z","timestamp":1760237237323,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,15]],"date-time":"2020-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["017616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["017616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020","SFRH\/BD\/137224\/2018","SFRH\/BD\/130948\/2017","PD\/BDE\/114427\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020","SFRH\/BD\/137224\/2018","SFRH\/BD\/130948\/2017","PD\/BDE\/114427\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work proposes a simple and easy-to-use flow-through system for the implementation of dynamic extractions, aiming at the evaluation of bioaccessible zinc and the characterization of leaching kinetics in dry dog food samples. The kinetic profile of Zn extraction was determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and the results were fitted in an exponential function (R2 &gt; 0.960) compatible with a two first-order reactions model. Values of fast leachable Zn ranged from 83 \u00b1 1 to 313 \u00b1 5 mg of Zn per kg of sample, with associated rate constants ranging from 0.162 \u00b1 0.004 to 0.290 \u00b1 0.014 min\u22121. Similar results were observed compared to the static batch extraction. The percentage of bioaccessible Zn ranged from 49.0 to 70.0%, with an average value of 58.2% in relation to total Zn content. Principal component analysis regarding the variables fast leachable Zn, associated rate constant, total Zn, and market segment, has shown that 84.6% of variance is explained by two components, where the second component (24.0%) presented loadings only for the fast leachable Zn and associated rate constant. The proposed method is suitable for the fast evaluation (&lt;1 h) of leaching kinetics and bioaccessibility in dry dog food.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25061333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,20]],"date-time":"2020-03-20T07:29:07Z","timestamp":1584689347000},"page":"1333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Flow-Based Dynamic Approach to Assess Bioaccessible Zinc in Dry Dog Food Samples"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Bruno J. R.","family":"Greg\u00f3rio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0179-3044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Margarida","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sara R.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elisabete","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SORGAL, Sociedade de \u00d3leos e Ra\u00e7\u00f5es S.A., Estrada Nacional 109, Lugar da Pardala, 3880-728 S. Jo\u00e3o Ovar, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Castanheira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alltechaditivos\u2014Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o Animal Lda., Parque de Monserrate, Av. Dr. Luis S\u00e1 n 9 - Arm. A, 2710-089 Abrunheira, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1297-3198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agostinho A.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6237-417X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio J. M.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Rita J.","family":"Cabrita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2938-0214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcela A.","family":"Segundo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Case, L.P., Carey, D.P., Hirakawa, D.A., and Daristotle, L. 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