{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T19:09:42Z","timestamp":1769108982433,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00674\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00674\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/129630\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/129630\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ARDITI-Ag\u00eancia Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Tecnologia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000005"]}]},{"name":"ARDITI-Ag\u00eancia Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Tecnologia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["M1420 - 09-5369-FSE-000001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M1420 - 09-5369-FSE-000001"]}]},{"name":"Era net","award":["Inno-INDIGO NCDs-CAPomics"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Inno-INDIGO NCDs-CAPomics"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fostered by the advances in the instrumental and analytical fields, in recent years the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has emerged as a new frontier in medical diagnostics. VOCs analysis is a non-invasive, rapid and inexpensive strategy with promising potential in clinical diagnostic procedures. Since cellular metabolism is altered by diseases, the resulting metabolic effects on VOCs may serve as biomarkers for any given pathophysiologic condition. Human VOCs are released from biomatrices such as saliva, urine, skin emanations and exhaled breath and are derived from many metabolic pathways. In this review, the potential of VOCs present in saliva will be explored as a monitoring tool for several oral diseases, including gingivitis and periodontal disease, dental caries, and oral cancer. Moreover, the analytical state-of-the-art for salivary volatomics, e.g., the most common extraction techniques along with the current challenges and future perspectives will be addressed unequivocally.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25133098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T10:41:09Z","timestamp":1594118469000},"page":"3098","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Unravelling the Potential of Salivary Volatile Metabolites in Oral Diseases. A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0316-5348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge A. M.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CQM\u2013Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Priscilla","family":"Porto-Figueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQM\u2013Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ravindra","family":"Taware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind Road, SPPU Campus, Pune 411007, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5114-1776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pritam","family":"Sukul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0273-0819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srikanth","family":"Rapole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind Road, SPPU Campus, Pune 411007, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1965-3151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 S.","family":"C\u00e2mara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQM\u2013Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e da Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31146-8","article-title":"Oral diseases: A global public health challenge","volume":"394","author":"Peres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518816961","article-title":"Role of Saliva and Salivary Diagnostics in the Advancement of Oral Health","volume":"98","author":"Dawes","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5359.99854","article-title":"Saliva as a potential diagnostic tool","volume":"64","author":"Deepa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"17","article-title":"Saliva proteomics updates in biomedicine","volume":"26","author":"Katsani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2019.115781","article-title":"Saliva sampling: Methods and devices. An overview","volume":"124","author":"Bellagambi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tractrends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2010.38","article-title":"Saliva: Physiology and diagnostic potential in health and disease","volume":"10","author":"Farnaud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gardner, A., Carpenter, G., and So, P.W. (2020). Salivary metabolomics: From diagnostic biomarker discovery to investigating biological function. Metabolites, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo10020047"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.10.026","article-title":"Review: The physiology of saliva and transfer of drugs into saliva","volume":"150","author":"Aps","year":"2005","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2011.03.004","article-title":"Saliva as a tool for monitoring steroid, peptide and immune markers in sport and exercise science","volume":"14","author":"Papacosta","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Edgar, W., O\u2019Mullane, D., and Dawes, C. (2004). Saliva and Oral Health, British Dental Association."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-012-0464-y","article-title":"Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles","volume":"9","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-017-2378-5","article-title":"Effect of timing of collection of salivary metabolomic biomarkers on oral cancer detection","volume":"49","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.05.007","article-title":"Saliva proteomics as an emerging, non-invasive tool to study livestock physiology, nutrition and diseases","volume":"75","author":"Lamy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.4155\/bio-2017-0010","article-title":"Saliva: A reliable sample matrix in bioanalytics","volume":"9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioanalysis"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12116","article-title":"The physiology of salivary secretion","volume":"70","author":"Proctor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faintuch, J., and Faintuch, S. (2020). Chapter 29\u2013The salivary volatome in breast cancer. Precision Medicine for Investigators, Practitioners and Providers, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819178-1.00055-1"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2012.10.024","article-title":"One decade of salivary proteomics: Current approaches and outstanding challenges","volume":"46","author":"Amado","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1586\/14789450.2.4.521","article-title":"Analysis of the human saliva proteome","volume":"2","author":"Amado","year":"2005","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516685048","article-title":"Endothelial Tight Junctions Are Opened in Cholinergic-Evoked Salivation in Vivo","volume":"96","author":"Cong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513488119","article-title":"Microbial geography of the oral cavity","volume":"92","author":"Catalan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"418","article-title":"Human salivary proline-rich protein genes on chromosome 12","volume":"37","author":"Azen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2011.04.002","article-title":"Biotechnological implications of the salivary proteome","volume":"29","author":"Castagnola","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67728-8","article-title":"Periodontal diseases","volume":"366","author":"Pihlstrom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"599","article-title":"Analysis of the salivary proteome in gingivitis patients","volume":"46","author":"Soares","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4652","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms13044642","article-title":"Salivary proteins associated with periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"13","author":"Chan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2010.02.018","article-title":"Comparative proteomic analysis of whole saliva from chronic periodontitis patients","volume":"73","author":"Soares","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2012.01913.x","article-title":"Salivary proteome modifications associated with periodontitis in obese patients","volume":"39","author":"Huchon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2008.01172.x","article-title":"Initial comparison of proteomic profiles of whole unstimulated saliva obtained from generalized aggressive periodontitis patients and healthy control subjects","volume":"44","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.RA118.000718","article-title":"Targeted proteomics guided by label-free quantitative proteome analysis in saliva reveal transition signatures from health to periodontal disease","volume":"17","author":"Bostanci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12101","article-title":"Analysis of matrix metalloproteinases, especially MMP-8, in gingival creviclular fluid, mouthrinse and saliva for monitoring periodontal diseases","volume":"70","author":"Sorsa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2014.08.007","article-title":"Biologic markers of failing implants","volume":"59","author":"Hasan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/621484","article-title":"Use of host- and bacteria-derived salivary markers in detection of periodontitis: A cumulative approach","volume":"30","author":"Gursoy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2019.89601","article-title":"Salivary interleukin 6, interleukin 8, interleukin 17A, and tumour necrosis factor alpha levels in patients with periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"44","author":"Kaczynski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cent. Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-011-0331-2","article-title":"Metabonomic analysis of saliva reveals generalized chronic periodontitis signature","volume":"8","author":"Aimetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.11587","article-title":"Metabolomic status of the oral cavity in chronic periodontitis","volume":"33","author":"Gawron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vivo"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.18-0097","article-title":"Analysis of salivary phenotypes of generalized aggressive and chronic periodontitis through nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics","volume":"89","author":"Romano","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rzeznik, M., Triba, M.N., Levy, P., Jungo, S., Botosoa, E., Duchemann, B., Le Moyec, L., Bernaudin, J.F., Savarin, P., and Guez, D. (2017). Identification of a discriminative metabolomic fingerprint of potential clinical relevance in saliva of patients with periodontitis using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182767"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, M.P., Saxena, M., Saimbi, C.S., Arif, J.M., and Roy, R. (2017). Metabolic profiling by 1H NMR spectroscopy of saliva shows clear distinction between control and diseased case of periodontitis. Metabolomics, 13.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-017-1245-4"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034519842853","article-title":"The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status","volume":"98","author":"Liebsch","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.02.024","article-title":"Mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiling identifies alterations in salivary redox status and fatty acid metabolism in response to inflammation and oxidative stress in periodontal disease","volume":"70","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2015.00062","article-title":"Targeted salivary biomarkers for discrimination of periodontal health and disease(s)","volume":"5","author":"Ebersole","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12273","article-title":"Detection of adrenomedullin and nitric oxide in different forms of periodontal disease","volume":"51","author":"Hussain","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29129","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v7.29129","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a saliva-based chair-side diagnostic for the detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"7","author":"Burgess","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17030","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.30","article-title":"Dental caries","volume":"3","author":"Pitts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2016.38","article-title":"Saliva in the diagnosis of diseases","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiorillo, L., Cervino, G., Laino, L., D\u2019Amico, C., Mauceri, R., Tozum, T.F., Gaeta, M., and Cicciu, M. (2019). Porphyromonas gingivalis, Periodontal and Systemic Implications: A Systematic Review. Dent. J. (Basel), 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj7040114"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2006.00328.x","article-title":"Two-dimensional electrophoresis study of in vitro pellicle formation and dental caries susceptibility","volume":"114","author":"Vitorino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-012-0484-7","article-title":"Salivary metabolite signatures of children with and without dental caries lesions","volume":"9","author":"Fidalgo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaturvedi, A.K., Udaltsova, N., Engels, E.A., Katzel, J.A., Yanik, E.L., Katki, H.A., Lingen, M.W., and Silverberg, M.J. (2019). Oral leukoplakia and risk of progression to oral cancer: A population-based cohort study. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djz238"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zotti, F., Nocini, R., Capocasale, G., Fior, A., Peretti, M., and Albanese, M. (2020). Malignant transformation evidences of Oral Lichen Planus: When the time is of the essence. Oral Oncol., 104594.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2020.104594"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-009-0178-y","article-title":"Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles","volume":"6","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishikawa, S., Sugimoto, M., Kitabatake, K., Sugano, A., Nakamura, M., Kaneko, M., Ota, S., Hiwatari, K., Enomoto, A., and Soga, T. (2016). Identification of salivary metabolomic biomarkers for oral cancer screening. Sci. Rep., 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31520"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13209","article-title":"Discrimination of oral squamous cell carcinoma from oral lichen planus by salivary metabolomics","volume":"26","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25881","article-title":"Salivary metabolite signatures of oral cancer and leukoplakia","volume":"129","author":"Wei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Q., Gao, P., Wang, X., and Duan, Y. (2014). The early diagnosis and monitoring of squamous cell carcinoma via saliva metabolomics. Sci. Rep., 4.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06802"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lohavanichbutr, P., Zhang, Y., Wang, P., Gu, H., Nagana Gowda, G.A., Djukovic, D., Buas, M.F., Raftery, D., and Chen, C. (2018). Salivary metabolite profiling distinguishes patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma from normal controls. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204249"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04046-0","article-title":"Inflammation and cancer: Back to Virchow?","volume":"357","author":"Balkwill","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.3109\/07357907.2015.1041642","article-title":"Salivary Immunosuppressive Cytokines IL-10 and IL-13 Are Significantly Elevated in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients","volume":"33","author":"Aziz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Invest."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2008.04.004","article-title":"Analysis of the saliva proteome from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma reveals differences in abundance levels of proteins associated with tumour progression and metastasis","volume":"71","author":"Dowling","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2016.17.S3.77","article-title":"Salivary levels of ErbB2 and CEA in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients","volume":"17","author":"Honarmand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2011.04.004","article-title":"Salivary zinc finger protein 510 peptide as a novel biomarker for detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma in early stages","volume":"412","author":"Jou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6246","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-5037","article-title":"Salivary proteomics for oral cancer biomarker discovery","volume":"14","author":"Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11549","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1612368113","article-title":"Saliva protein biomarkers To detect oral squamous cell carcinoma in a high-risk population in Taiwan","volume":"113","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2019.103574","article-title":"Salivary proteins from dysplastic leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma and their potential for early detection","volume":"212","author":"Sivadasan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dos Santos, E.S., Ramos, J.C., Normando, A.G.C., Mariano, F.V., and Paes Leme, A.F. (2019). Epigenetic alterations in salivary gland tumors. Oral Dis.","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13253"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109723","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA RBM5-AS1 promotes the aggressive behaviors of oral squamous cell carcinoma by regulation of miR-1285-3p\/YAP1 axis","volume":"123","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5473","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-0736","article-title":"Salivary microRNA: Discovery, characterization, and clinical utility for oral cancer detection","volume":"15","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10821.x","article-title":"Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: A systematic review","volume":"166","author":"Lodi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Derm."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lorenzo-Pouso, A.I., P\u00e9rez-Say\u00e1ns, M., Bravo, S.B., L\u00f3pez-Jornet, P., Garc\u00eda-Vence, M., Alonso-Sampedro, M., Carballo, J., Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda, A., and Zalewska, A. (2018). Protein-Based Salivary Profiles as Novel Biomarkers for Oral Diseases. Dis. Markers, 2018.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6141845"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-006-5145-8","article-title":"Comparative analysis of whole saliva proteomes for the screening of biomarkers for oral lichen planus","volume":"55","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12837","article-title":"Salivary proteomics in lichen planus: A relationship with pathogenesis?","volume":"24","author":"Souza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2016.07.029","article-title":"A proteomic approach to compare saliva from individuals with and without oral leukoplakia","volume":"151","author":"Camisasca","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2018.05.006","article-title":"Burning Mouth Syndrome","volume":"62","author":"Bender","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ji, E.H., Diep, C., Liu, T., Li, H., Merrill, R., Messadi, D., and Hu, S. (2017). Potential protein biomarkers for burning mouth syndrome discovered by quantitative proteomics. Mol. Pain, 13.","DOI":"10.1177\/1744806916686796"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060517745388","article-title":"Salivary metabolomics profile of patients with recurrent aphthous ulcer as revealed by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"034001","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/8\/3\/034001","article-title":"The human volatilome: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath, skin emanations, urine, feces and saliva","volume":"8","author":"Amann","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Breath Res."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2016.1266925","article-title":"Saliva\u2013Volatile Biomarkers and Profiles","volume":"47","author":"Milanowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"014001","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/8\/1\/014001","article-title":"A review of the volatiles from the healthy human body","volume":"8","author":"Amann","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Breath Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"036004","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/7\/3\/036004","article-title":"An investigation of volatile organic compounds from the saliva of healthy individuals using headspace-trap\/GC-MS","volume":"7","author":"Ratcliffe","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Breath Res."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-010-9846-7","article-title":"Analysis of volatile organic compounds in human saliva by a static sorptive extraction method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"36","author":"Soini","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"158786","article-title":"Salivary diagnostics: A brief review","volume":"2014","author":"Malathi","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISRN Dent."},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"4930","article-title":"Drug-related oral malodour (halitosis): A literature review","volume":"21","author":"Torsten","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2006.02.010","article-title":"Influence of anxiety on the production of oral volatile sulfur compounds","volume":"79","author":"Calil","year":"2006","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/089875641503200203","article-title":"The Negative Effects of Volatile Sulphur Compounds","volume":"32","author":"Milella","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12442","article-title":"Identification of signature volatiles to discriminate Candida albicans, glabrata, krusei and tropicalis using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry","volume":"59","author":"Hertel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17725","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35854-x","article-title":"Volatilomic insight of head and neck cancer via the effects observed on saliva metabolites","volume":"8","author":"Taware","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.153767","article-title":"Diagnostic potential of saliva: Current state and future applications","volume":"57","author":"Pfaffe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12664","article-title":"Salivary secretion in health and disease","volume":"45","author":"Pedersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12509","article-title":"A practical guide to the oral microbiome and its relation to health and disease","volume":"23","author":"Krishnan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"5","article-title":"Influence of menstrual cycle and salivary \u00df-estradiol on volatile sulfur compound","volume":"1","author":"Kakoei","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Oral Health Oral Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"027106","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/8\/2\/027106","article-title":"Identification of microorganisms based on headspace analysis of volatile organic compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"8","author":"Boots","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Breath Res."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-015-2536-1","article-title":"Detection of signature volatiles for cariogenic microorganisms","volume":"35","author":"Hertel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2011.654259","article-title":"Association between oral malodour and periodontal disease-related parameters in the general population","volume":"71","author":"Apatzidou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-018-1103-x","article-title":"Screening of salivary volatiles for putative breast cancer discrimination: An exploratory study involving geographically distant populations","volume":"410","author":"Cavaco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_96","unstructured":"Cavaco, C., Perestrelo, R., Silva, C., Aveiro, F., Pereira, J., and C\u00e2mara, J. (2014). Establishment of the Saliva Volatomic Profile as an Exploratory and Non-Invasive Strategy to Find Potential Breast Cancer Biomarkers, Int. Labmate Ltd."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2018.04.027","article-title":"Exploring the potential of needle trap microextraction combined with chromatographic and statistical data to discriminate different types of cancer based on urinary volatomic biosignature","volume":"1023","author":"Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo4010071","article-title":"Microextraction by packed Sorbent (MEPS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) as sample preparation procedures for the metabolomic profiling of urine","volume":"4","author":"Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-013-7527-4","article-title":"Re-exploring the high-throughput potential of microextraction techniques, SPME and MEPS, as powerful strategies for medical diagnostic purposes. Innovative approaches, recent applications and future trends Microextraction Techniques","volume":"406","author":"Pereira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saigusa, D., Okamura, Y., Motoike, I.N., Katoh, Y., Kurosawa, Y., Saijyo, R., Koshiba, S., Yasuda, J., Motohashi, H., and Sugawara, J. (2016). Establishment of Protocols for Global Metabolomics by LC-MS for Biomarker Discovery. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160555"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2011.06.015","article-title":"Analytical methods for the quantification of volatile aromatic compounds","volume":"30","author":"Biniecka","year":"2011","journal-title":"TRAC\u2014Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-020-1635-x","article-title":"Extracellular volatilomic alterations induced by hypoxia in breast cancer cells","volume":"16","author":"Taware","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25040","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA02083C","article-title":"A non-invasive approach to explore the discriminatory potential of the urinary volatilome of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast","volume":"8","author":"Taunk","year":"2018","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-017-1251-6","article-title":"Investigation of urinary volatomic alterations in head and neck cancer: A non-invasive approach towards diagnosis and prognosis","volume":"13","author":"Taware","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2011.10.077","article-title":"Needle trap micro-extraction for VOC analysis: Effects of packing materials and desorption parameters","volume":"1219","author":"Trefz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31380-y","article-title":"Exploring the potential of NTME\/GC-MS, in the establishment of urinary volatomic profiles. Lung cancer patients as case study","volume":"8","author":"Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1021\/ac026162q","article-title":"Thin-film microextraction","volume":"75","author":"Bruheim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2018.11.002","article-title":"Identification of volatile metabolites in human saliva from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma via zeolite-based thin-film microextraction coupled with GC\u2013MS","volume":"1104","author":"Shigeyama","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B: Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-018-0971-4","article-title":"Hollow fiber microextraction: A new hybrid microextraction technique for trace analysis","volume":"410","author":"Ide","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2012.10.033","article-title":"Novel sorption-based methodologies for static microextraction analysis: A review on SBSE and related techniques","volume":"757","author":"Nogueira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2006.0182","article-title":"Individual and gender fingerprints in human body odour","volume":"4","author":"Penn","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6121","DOI":"10.1021\/ac4010309","article-title":"Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry analysis of exhaled breath for volatile organic compound profiling of esophago-gastric cancer","volume":"85","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sukul, P., Trefz, P., Schubert, J.K., and Miekisch, W. (2014). Immediate effects of breath holding maneuvers onto composition of exhaled breath. J. Breath Res., 8.","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/8\/3\/037102"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13187","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00325","article-title":"Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry: Applications in Atmospheric Sciences","volume":"117","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, J., Bean, H.D., Wargo, M.J., Leclair, L.W., and Hill, J.E. (2013). Detecting bacterial lung infections: In vivo evaluation of in vitro volatile fingerprints. J. Breath Res., 7.","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/7\/1\/016003"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28029","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28029","article-title":"FEV manoeuvre induced changes in breath VOC compositions: An unconventional view on lung function tests","volume":"6","author":"Sukul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10838","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29221-z","article-title":"Natural menstrual rhythm and oral contraception diversely affect exhaled breath compositions","volume":"8","author":"Sukul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trefz, P., Schmidt, S.C., Sukul, P., Schubert, J.K., Miekisch, W., and Fischer, D.C. (2019). Non-Invasive Assessment of Metabolic Adaptation in Paediatric Patients Suffering from Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111797"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5099","DOI":"10.3390\/s90705099","article-title":"Applications and advances in electronic-nose technologies","volume":"9","author":"Wilson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"107","article-title":"Classification identification of abalone flavoring liquids based on metal sensor array","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carpathian J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.3390\/s130202295","article-title":"Diverse applications of electronic-nose technologies in agriculture and forestry","volume":"13","author":"Wilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.008","article-title":"Applicability of emanating volatile organic compounds from various forensic specimens for individual differentiation","volume":"226","author":"Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monedeiro, F., Milanowski, M., Ratiu, I.A., Zmyslowski, H., Ligor, T., and Buszewski, B. (2019). VOC Profiles of Saliva in Assessment of Halitosis and Submandibular Abscesses Using HS-SPME-GC\/MS Technique. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24162977"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2013.05.021","article-title":"Determination of acetaldehyde in saliva by gas-diffusion flow injection analysis","volume":"786","author":"Ramdzan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3844\/ajbbsp.2010.187.194","article-title":"2-Nonenal-Ovulatory Specific Volatiles in Human Saliva throughout Menstrual Cycle by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Analysis","volume":"6","author":"Alagendran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1021\/ac051495j","article-title":"Large-scale human metabolomics studies: A strategy for data (pre-) processing and validation","volume":"78","author":"Bijlsma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-012-9891-5","article-title":"Saliva metabolomics opens door to biomarker discovery, disease diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"168","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2003.11.027","article-title":"PCA and PLS with very large data sets","volume":"48","author":"Kettaneh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comput. Stat. Data Anal."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGeer, P.L., Lee, M., Kennedy, K., and McGeer, E.G. (2020). Saliva Diagnosis as a Disease Predictor. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020377"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654786","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2019.1654786","article-title":"Metaproteomics analysis of microbial diversity of human saliva and tongue dorsum in young healthy individuals","volume":"11","author":"Rabe","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57531-8","article-title":"Targeted metabolomics of pellicle and saliva in children with different caries activity","volume":"10","author":"Schulz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2015.00073","article-title":"Salivary markers of oxidative stress in oral diseases","volume":"5","author":"Tothova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13007","article-title":"Impact of big data on oral health outcomes","volume":"25","author":"Nanayakkara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malley, J.D., Dasgupta, A., and Moore, J.H. (2013). The limits of p-values for biological data mining. Biodata Min., 6.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0381-6-10"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1369","article-title":"Understanding the human salivary metabolome","volume":"22","author":"Takeda","year":"2009","journal-title":"NMR Biomed."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3790","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ay40582f","article-title":"Classification tools in chemistry. Part 1: Linear models. PLS-DA","volume":"5","author":"Ballabio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13117","article-title":"Saliva NMR metabolomics: Analytical issues in pediatric oral health research","volume":"25","author":"Pereira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casas-Ferreira, A.M., Nogal-S\u00e1nchez, M.d., Rodr\u00edguez-Gonzalo, E., Moreno-Cordero, B., and P\u00e9rez-Pav\u00f3n, J.L. (2020). Determination of leucine and isoleucine\/allo-isoleucine by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and partial least square regression: Application to saliva samples. Talanta.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.120811"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-007-0099-6","article-title":"Assessment of PLSDA cross validation","volume":"4","author":"Westerhuis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-011-0330-3","article-title":"Double-check: Validation of diagnostic statistics for PLS-DA models in metabolomics studies","volume":"8","author":"Saccenti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"ref_141","first-page":"150","article-title":"Artificial neural networks in medical diagnosis","volume":"8","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Sci. Issues"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2478\/v10136-012-0031-x","article-title":"Artificial neural networks in medical diagnosis","volume":"11","author":"Amato","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_143","first-page":"52","article-title":"New Approach to Medical Diagnosis Using Artificial Neural Network and Decision Tree Algorithm: Application to Dental Diseases","volume":"11","author":"Mohsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Eng. Electron. Bus."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2013.12.001","article-title":"Supervised machine learning-based classification of oral malodor based on the microbiota in saliva samples","volume":"60","author":"Nakano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Med."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barnes, V.M., Kennedy, A.D., Panagakos, F., Devizio, W., Trivedi, H.M., Jonsson, T., Guo, L., Cervi, S., and Scannapieco, F.A. (2014). Global metabolomic analysis of human saliva and plasma from healthy and diabetic subjects, with and without periodontal disease. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105181"}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/25\/13\/3098\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:48:38Z","timestamp":1760176118000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/25\/13\/3098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]]},"references-count":145,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules25133098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules25133098","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]]}}}