{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T11:41:08Z","timestamp":1767008468237,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["(FCT: UID\/NEU\/04539\/2013)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(FCT: UID\/NEU\/04539\/2013)"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE-FEDER","award":["(POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440)"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Project CIBB","award":["UIDB\/04539\/2020 and UIDP\/04539\/2020 (CIBB)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04539\/2020 and UIDP\/04539\/2020 (CIBB)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The sealers used for root canal treatment should be biocompatible for the peri-radicular tissues, to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of GuttaFlow\u00ae bioseal sealer and to compare them with AH26\u00ae epoxy resin. Culture media were conditioned with the GuttaFlow\u00ae bioseal and AH26\u00ae pellets. MDPC-23 odontoblast cell cultures were treated with conditioned medium and serial dilutions. To evaluate the metabolic activity and cellular viability, the MTT and SRB assays were performed. To determine the production of reactive oxygen species, the DHE and DCF-DA probes were used. Cell cycle and cell-death types were assessed by cytometry, and to evaluate the mineralization capacity, the Alizarin Red S coloration was used. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) when normality was found and Kruskal-Wallis on the opposite case. For the comparison with normality values, the Student t-test was used. Cells exposed to the GuttaFlow\u00ae bioseal conditioned medium maintained high metabolic activities, except at higher concentrations. Likewise, viability was maintained, but a significant decrease was observed after exposure to the highest concentration (p &lt; 0.001), associated with cell death by late apoptosis and necrosis. When cell cultures were exposed to AH26\u00ae, metabolic activity was highly compromised, resulting in cell death. An imbalance in the production of peroxides and superoxide anion was observed. GuttaFlow\u00ae bioseal showed higher biocompatibility than AH26\u00ae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25184297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T07:06:09Z","timestamp":1600499169000},"page":"4297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["GuttaFlow\u00ae Bioseal Cytotoxicity Assessment: In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0689-6007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mafalda","family":"Laranjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, CACC, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9269-5417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Miguel","family":"Marto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, CACC, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Casalta-Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, CACC, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Radiation Oncology Department, Coimbra University Hospital Centre, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Serambeque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 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300-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7202-1650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Filomena","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, CACC, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6154-4173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabela","family":"Baptista Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 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