{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T04:28:51Z","timestamp":1768796931087,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008386","name":"Marmara University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FEN-C-YLP-130319-0065 BAPKO Project"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEN-C-YLP-130319-0065 BAPKO Project"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, the main aim was to fabricate propolis (Ps)-containing wound dressing patches using 3D printing technology. Different combinations and structures of propolis (Ps)-incorporated sodium alginate (SA) scaffolds were developed. The morphological studies showed that the porosity of developed scaffolds was optimized when 20% (v\/v) of Ps was added to the solution. The pore sizes decreased by increasing Ps concentration up to a certain level due to its adhesive properties. The mechanical, swelling-degradation (weight loss) behaviors, and Ps release kinetics were highlighted for the scaffold stability. An antimicrobial assay was employed to test and screen antimicrobial behavior of Ps against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains. The results show that the Ps-added scaffolds have an excellent antibacterial activity because of Ps compounds. An in vitro cytotoxicity test was also applied on the scaffold by using the extract method on the human dermal fibroblasts (HFFF2) cell line. The 3D-printed SA\u2013Ps scaffolds are very useful structures for wound dressing applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25215082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T19:51:31Z","timestamp":1604346691000},"page":"5082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["3D Propolis-Sodium Alginate Scaffolds: Influence on Structural Parameters, Release Mechanisms, Cell Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4004-7319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kubra","family":"Aranci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanotechnology &amp; Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Y\u0131ld\u0131z Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Muhammet","family":"Uzun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanotechnology &amp; Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Sena","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanotechnology &amp; Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Sumeyye","family":"Cesur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanotechnology &amp; Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Songul","family":"Ulag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanotechnology &amp; Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Al","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Mucahit","family":"Guncu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Marmara University, Maltepe, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3439-9158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burak","family":"Aksu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Sevgi","family":"Kolayli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4439-0878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cem Bulent","family":"Ustundag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Y\u0131ld\u0131z Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9959-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Carvalho","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica and CENIMAT\/i3N, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Denisa","family":"Ficai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Gh Polizu Street 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National Centre for Micro- and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Independentei St. 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1777-0525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Ficai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Micro- and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Independentei St. 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Gh Polizu Street 1-7, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov st. 3, 050094 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9427-7574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oguzhan","family":"Gunduz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanotechnology &amp; 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