{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T20:22:51Z","timestamp":1774988571332,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electroactive biomaterials are fascinating for tissue engineering applications because of their ability to deliver electrical stimulation directly to cells, tissue, and organs. One particularly attractive conductive filler for electroactive biomaterials is silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) because of their high conductivity, antibacterial activity, and ability to promote bone healing. However, production of AgNPs involves a toxic reducing agent which would inhibit biological scaffold performance. This work explores facile and green synthesis of AgNPs using extract of Cilembu sweet potato and studies the effect of baking and precursor concentrations (1, 10 and 100 mM) on AgNPs\u2019 properties. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results revealed that the smallest particle size of AgNPs (9.95 \u00b1 3.69 nm) with nodular morphology was obtained by utilization of baked extract and ten mM AgNO3. Polycaprolactone (PCL)\/AgNPs scaffolds exhibited several enhancements compared to PCL scaffolds. Compressive strength was six times greater (3.88 \u00b1 0.42 MPa), more hydrophilic (contact angle of 76.8 \u00b1 1.7\u00b0), conductive (2.3 \u00b1 0.5 \u00d7 10\u22123 S\/cm) and exhibited anti-bacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC3658 (99.5% reduction of surviving bacteria). Despite the promising results, further investigation on biological assessment is required to obtain comprehensive study of this scaffold. This green synthesis approach together with the use of 3D printing opens a new route to manufacture AgNPs-based electroactive with improved anti-bacterial properties without utilization of any toxic organic solvents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26072042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T10:34:09Z","timestamp":1617359649000},"page":"2042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Extract of Cilembu Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L var. Rancing) as Potential Filler for 3D Printed Electroactive and Anti-Infection Scaffolds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Arie","family":"Wibowo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Material Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia"},{"name":"Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia"}]},{"given":"Gusti U. N.","family":"Tajalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Material Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia"},{"name":"Materials and Metallurgy Engineering, Institut Teknologi Kalimantan, Jl. Soekarno Hatta 15, Balikpapan 76127, Indonesia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0741-9683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maradhana A.","family":"Marsudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Material Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9568-8973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glen","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0671-6187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lia A.T.W.","family":"Asri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Material Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia"}]},{"given":"Fengyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}]},{"given":"Husaini","family":"Ardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Material Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3683-726X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo J.D.S.","family":"Bartolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801983","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201801983","article-title":"Electroactive Scaffolds for Neurogenesis and Myogenesis: Graphene-Based Nanomaterials","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.10.003","article-title":"Unraveling the mechanistic effects of electric field stimulation towards directing stem cell fate and function: A tissue engineering perspective","volume":"150","author":"Thrivikraman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, W., Hou, Y., Martinez, D., Kurniawan, D., Chiang, W.-H., and Bartolo, P. (2020). Carbon Nanomaterials for Electro-Active Structures: A Review. Polymers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12122946"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6307","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24892-0","article-title":"Combining electrical stimulation and tissue engineering to treat large bone defects in a rat model","volume":"8","author":"Leppik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2017.11.065","article-title":"Conductive vancomycin-loaded mesoporous silica polypyrrole-based scaffolds for bone regeneration","volume":"536","author":"Ezazi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wibowo, A., Vyas, C., Cooper, G., Qulub, F., Suratman, R., Mahyuddin, A.I., Dirgantara, T., and Bartolo, P. (2020). 3D printing of polycaprolactone\u2014Polyaniline electroactive scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13030512"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1039\/C7BM00633K","article-title":"Neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the conductive PEDOT-HA\/Cs\/Gel scaffold for neural tissue engineering","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2003.12.044","article-title":"Carbon nanotube sheets for the use as artificial muscles","volume":"42","author":"Vohrer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2015.09.025","article-title":"Conductive interpenetrating networks of polypyrrole and polycaprolactone encourage electrophysiological development of cardiac cells","volume":"28","author":"Spearman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9410","DOI":"10.1039\/C4NR00300D","article-title":"Coiled fiber scaffolds embedded with gold nanoparticles improve the performance of engineered cardiac tissues","volume":"6","author":"Fleischer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palza, H., Zapata, P.A., and Angulo-Pineda, C. (2019). Electroactive smart polymers for biomedical applications. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12020277"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2017.12.062","article-title":"Conductive nanofibrous composite scaffolds based on in-situ formed polyaniline nanoparticle and polylactide for bone regeneration","volume":"514","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72288","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA14155A","article-title":"Melt-compounded polylactic acid composite hybrids with hydroxyapatite nanorods and silver nanoparticles: Biodegradation, antibacterial ability, bioactivity and cytotoxicity","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5871","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-013-7383-9","article-title":"Poly-l-lactic acid modified by etching and grafting with gold nanoparticles","volume":"48","author":"Ruml","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.201400021","article-title":"Surface Modification of Biodegradable Poly(L-Lactic Acid) by Argon Plasma: Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes in the Spotlight","volume":"11","author":"Ruml","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plasma Process. Polym."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3207","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200700065","article-title":"Correlations between percolation threshold, dispersion state, and aspect ratio of carbon nanotubes","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.12.100","article-title":"Fabrication and characterisation of 3D printed MWCNT composite porous scaffolds for bone regeneration","volume":"98","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b12289","article-title":"Effect of morphology on the electrical resistivity of silver nanostructure films","volume":"9","author":"Stewart","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8996","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.45413","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, medical applications and biosafety","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3528","article-title":"A genomic characterization of the influence of silver nanoparticles on bone differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells","volume":"38","author":"Qing","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2015.07.016","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles promote osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells and improve bone fracture healing in osteogenesis mechanism mouse model","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2019.124141","article-title":"\u2018Green\u2019 approach for obtaining stable pectin-capped silver nanoparticles: Physico-chemical characterization and antibacterial activity","volume":"585","author":"Hileuskaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05253.x","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles: The powerful nanoweapon against multidrug-resistant bacteria","volume":"112","author":"Rai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3426","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cs60479a","article-title":"Nanomaterials enhanced surface plasmon resonance for biological and chemical sensing applications","volume":"43","author":"Zeng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gallo, J., Panacek, A., Prucek, R., Kriegova, E., Hradilova, S., Hobza, M., and Holinka, M. (2016). Silver nanocoating technology in the prevention of prosthetic joint infection. Materials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma9050337"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, T.-T., Lou, C.-W., Chen, A.-P., Lee, M.-C., Ho, T.-F., Chen, Y.-S., and Lin, J.-H. (2016). Highly absorbent antibacterial hemostatic dressing for healing severe hemorrhagic wounds. Materials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma9090793"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2004.01200.x","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of silver inorganic agent YDA filler","volume":"31","author":"Ohashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00f3nav\u00e1ri, A., Igaz, N., Adamecz, D.I., Szerencs\u00e9s, B., Molnar, C., K\u00f3nya, Z., Pfeiffer, I., and Kiricsi, M. (2021). Green Silver and Gold Nanoparticles: Biological Synthesis Approaches and Potentials for Biomedical Applications. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26040844"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10120","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2015.11697","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles stabilized using chitosan films: Preparation, properties and antibacterial activity","volume":"15","author":"Kolarova","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3762\/bjnano.12.9","article-title":"A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures","volume":"12","author":"Kaabipour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Beilstein J. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2013.09.047","article-title":"Antibacterial properties of green-synthesized noble metal nanoparticles","volume":"113","author":"Siegel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Padnya, P., Gorbachuk, V., and Stoikov, I. (2020). The Role of Calix [n] arenes and Pillar [n] arenes in the Design of Silver Nanoparticles: Self-Assembly and Application. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041425"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okaiyeto, K., Ojemaye, M.O., Hoppe, H., Mabinya, L.V., and Okoh, A.I. (2019). Phytofabrication of silver\/silver chloride nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of oedera genistifolia: Characterization and antibacterial potential. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24234382"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1515\/gps-2017-0039","article-title":"Eco-friendly microwave-enhanced green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Aloe vera leaf extract and their physico-chemical and antibacterial studies","volume":"7","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Green Process. Synth."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1166\/asl.2010.1099","article-title":"Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Coriandrum sativum leaf extract and their application in nonlinear optics","volume":"3","author":"Sathyavathi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13071","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49444-y","article-title":"Synthesis and biological characterization of silver nanoparticles derived from the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria limnetica","volume":"9","author":"Hamouda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s41938-018-0028-1","article-title":"Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Trichoderma longibrachiatum and their effect on phytopathogenic fungi","volume":"28","author":"Elamawi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Biol. Pest Control"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1044","article-title":"Plant mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles-A","volume":"3","author":"Roy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Plant Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.08.088","article-title":"Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of Philippine sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) varieties","volume":"113","author":"Rumbaoa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2008.06.002","article-title":"\u03b2-carotene content in sweet potato varieties from China and the effect of preparation on \u03b2-carotene retention in the Yanshu No. 5","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2007.00415.x","article-title":"Phenolic acid content and composition in leaves and roots of common commercial sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas L.) cultivars in the United States","volume":"72","author":"Truong","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nayem, S., Sultana, N., Haque, M., Miah, B., Hasan, M., Islam, T., Awal, A., Uddin, J., Aziz, M., and Ahammad, A. (2020). Green Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles by Using Amorphophallus paeoniifolius Tuber Extract and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activity. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25204773"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-011-0453-6","article-title":"Studies of sugar composition and starch morphology of baked sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam)","volume":"50","author":"Lai","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"219","article-title":"Comparison of reduction sugar analysis method in cilembu sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) using luff schoorl and anthrone method","volume":"7","author":"Taufik","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Kedokt. Kesehat. Indones."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2009.07.012","article-title":"Optical properties and biomedical applications of plasmonic nanoparticles","volume":"111","author":"Khlebtsov","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2012.07.005","article-title":"Study on the synthesis of Ag\/AgCl nanoparticles and their photocatalytic properties","volume":"47","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2012.08.057","article-title":"Starch-directed green synthesis, characterization and morphology of silver nanoparticles","volume":"102","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1107\/S0567739476001551","article-title":"Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides","volume":"32","author":"Shannon","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A Cryst. Phys. Diffr. Theor. Gen. Crystallogr."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2014.02.001","article-title":"Photosensitized synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Withania somnifera leaf powder and silver nitrate","volume":"132","author":"Raut","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2015.02.058","article-title":"Photocatalytic activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesized using potato (Solanum tuberosum) infusion","volume":"146","author":"Roy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-019-0586-1","article-title":"Original photochemical synthesis of Ag nanoparticles mediated by potato starch","volume":"1","author":"Paterno","year":"2019","journal-title":"SN Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313081","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/313081","article-title":"Detection limits of DLS and UV-Vis spectroscopy in characterization of polydisperse nanoparticles colloids","volume":"2013","author":"Tomaszewska","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nanomater."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3322","DOI":"10.1039\/c2sm07040e","article-title":"A simple approach to characterizing block copolymer assemblies: Graphene oxide supports for high contrast multi-technique imaging","volume":"8","author":"Patterson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4489","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-5668-z","article-title":"Shape effect on the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized via a microwave-assisted method","volume":"23","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, B.C. (2018). Infrared Spectral Interpretation: A Systematic Approach, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203750841"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2010.06.025","article-title":"Preparation and physicochemical characterization of Ag nanoparticles biosynthesized by Lippia citriodora (Lemon Verbena)","volume":"81","author":"Cruz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20765","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ra43524e","article-title":"Synthesis of metallic silver nanoparticles and silver organometallic nanodisks mediated by extracts of Capsicum annuum var. aviculare (piquin) fruits","volume":"3","author":"Luna","year":"2013","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.11.044","article-title":"The significance of infection related to orthopedic devices and issues of antibiotic resistance","volume":"27","author":"Campoccia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.4161\/biom.22905","article-title":"Infection of orthopedic implants with emphasis on bacterial adhesion process and techniques used in studying bacterial-material interactions","volume":"2","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomatter"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2015.01.022","article-title":"Silver release and antimicrobial properties of PMMA films doped with silver ions, nano-particles and complexes","volume":"49","author":"Lyutakov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2018.04.077","article-title":"A plasma-assisted bioextrusion system for tissue engineering","volume":"67","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"CIRP Ann."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization (2014). Rigid Cellular Plastics-Determination of Compression Properties, ISO."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2011.02.004","article-title":"Carbon nanotubes and silver nanoparticles for multifunctional conductive biopolymer composites","volume":"49","author":"Fortunati","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2020.10.008","article-title":"Fabrication and Investigation of the Suitability of Chitosan-Silver Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications","volume":"100","author":"Vaidhyanathan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2009.11.011","article-title":"Influence of porosity on mechanical properties and in vivo response of Ti6Al4V implants","volume":"6","author":"Bandyopadhyay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"010802","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4029176","article-title":"Biomechanics and mechanobiology of trabecular bone: A review","volume":"137","author":"Oftadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synthmet.2014.09.017","article-title":"Nanostructured bioactive material based on polycaprolactone and polyaniline fiber-scaffolds","volume":"198","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Synth. Met."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100130407","article-title":"Comparison of the electrical and dielectric behavior of wet human cortical and cancellous bone tissue from the distal tibia","volume":"13","author":"Saha","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111525","article-title":"Fabrication of 3D printed antimicrobial polycaprolactone scaffolds for tissue engineering applications","volume":"118","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10051","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA26063B","article-title":"Fabrication of a silver octahedral nanoparticle-containing polycaprolactone nanocomposite for antibacterial bone scaffolds","volume":"7","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Matteis, V., Cascione, M., Toma, C.C., and Leporatti, S. (2018). Silver nanoparticles: Synthetic routes, in vitro toxicity and theranostic applications for cancer disease. Nanomaterials, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano8050319"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-014-1169-6","article-title":"Green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Zingiber officinale root extract and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles against food pathogens","volume":"37","author":"Velmurugan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng."},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"Hudzicki, J. (2009). Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Test Protocol, American Society for Microbiology. Available online: https:\/\/www.asmscience.org\/content\/education\/protocol\/protocol.3189."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2010.11.008","article-title":"Optimal methods for evaluating antimicrobial activities from plant extracts","volume":"84","author":"Othman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2012.0437","article-title":"Three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: Role of porosity and pore size","volume":"19","author":"Loh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part B Rev."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2012.10.024","article-title":"Electrically conductive nanofibers with highly oriented structures and their potential application in skeletal muscle tissue engineering","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041731416648810","DOI":"10.1177\/2041731416648810","article-title":"Sterilization techniques for biodegradable scaffolds in tissue engineering applications","volume":"7","author":"Dai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/7\/2042\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T14:11:09Z","timestamp":1760364669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/7\/2042"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules26072042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26072042","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]}}}