{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T10:41:43Z","timestamp":1776508903648,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]],"date-time":"2021-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republik- DKRVO","award":["RP\/CPS\/2020\/005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP\/CPS\/2020\/005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The alkaline milieu of chronic wounds severely impairs the therapeutic effect of antibiotics, such as rifampicin; as such, the development of new drugs, or the smart delivery of existing drugs, is required. Herein, two innovative polyelectrolyte nanoparticles (PENs), composed of an amphiphilic chitosan core and a polycationic shell, were synthesized at alkaline pH, and in vitro performances were assessed by 1H NMR, elemental analysis, FT-IR, XRD, DSC, DLS, SEM, TEM, UV\/Vis spectrophotometry, and HPLC. According to the results, the nanostructures exhibited different morphologies but similar physicochemical properties and release profiles. It was also hypothesized that the simultaneous use of the nanosystem and an antioxidant could be therapeutically beneficial. Therefore, the simultaneous effects of ascorbic acid and PENs were evaluated on the release profile and degradation of rifampicin, in which the results confirmed their synergistic protective effect at pH 8.5, as opposed to pH 7.4. Overall, this study highlighted the benefits of nanoparticulate development in the presence of antioxidants, at alkaline pH, as an efficient approach for decreasing rifampicin degradation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26072067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]],"date-time":"2021-04-03T22:03:36Z","timestamp":1617487416000},"page":"2067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Nanoparticle-Based Rifampicin Delivery System Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Marjan","family":"Motiei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, TBU, tr. Tomase Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5611-0047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Pleno de Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 169-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5671-1889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"\u0160op\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, TBU, tr. Tomase Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5229-9863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"V\u00edcha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, TBU, Vavre\u010dkova 275, 76001 Zl\u00edn, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3787-1956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"\u0160koda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, TBU, tr. Tomase Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Jaroslav","family":"C\u00edsa\u0159","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, TBU, tr. Tomase Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Khalili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455\/2, 12808 Prague 2, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Domincov\u00e1 Bergerov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, TBU, tr. Tomase Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Luk\u00e1\u0161","family":"M\u00fcnster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, TBU, tr. Tomase Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Haojie","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, TBU, tr. Tomase Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Vladim\u00edr","family":"Sedla\u0159\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, TBU, tr. Tomase Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"S\u00e1ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, TBU, tr. Tomase Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.036","article-title":"Rifampin stability and solution concentration enhancement through amorphous solid dispersion in cellulose \u03c9-carboxyalkanoate matrices","volume":"107","author":"Arca","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S138510","article-title":"Biodegradable rifampicin-releasing coating of surgical meshes for the prevention of bacterial infections","volume":"11","author":"Reinbold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2017.08.013","article-title":"Role of rifampin for the treatment of bacterial infections other than mycobacteriosis","volume":"75","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.9b00116","article-title":"Nanomachines and other caps on mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery","volume":"52","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4303","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S163925","article-title":"Antimycobacterial susceptibility evaluation of rifampicin and isoniazid benz-hydrazone in biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain","volume":"13","author":"Hakkimane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.4155\/bio-2018-0174","article-title":"Stability studies of rifampicin in plasma and urine of tuberculosis patients according to the European Medicines Agency Guidelines","volume":"11","author":"Mishra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioanalysis"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2007.387","article-title":"Nanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy","volume":"2","author":"Peer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2014.07.027","article-title":"Ascorbic acid improves stability and pharmacokinetics of rifampicin in the presence of isoniazid","volume":"100","author":"Rajaram","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12526","article-title":"The effect of pH on cell viability, cell migration, cell proliferation, wound closure, and wound reepithelialization: In vitro and in vivo study","volume":"25","author":"Kruse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02165-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02165-17","article-title":"Vitamin C potentiates the killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the first-line tuberculosis drugs isoniazid and rifampin in mice","volume":"62","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-018-0972-9","article-title":"Development of novel octanoyl chitosan nanoparticles for improved rifampicin pulmonary delivery: Optimization by factorial design","volume":"19","author":"Petkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aaps Pharm. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mignani, S., Tripathi, R., Chen, L., Caminade, A.-M., Shi, X., and Majoral, J.-P. (2018). New ways to treat tuberculosis using dendrimers as nanocarriers. Pharmaceutics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10030105"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scolari, I., P\u00e1ez, P., Musri, M., Petiti, J., Torres, A., and Granero, G. (2020). Rifampicin loaded in alginate\/chitosan nanoparticles as a promising pulmonary carrier against Staphylococcus aureus. Drug Deliv. Trans. Res., 1\u201315.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-019-00705-3"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2018.1506472","article-title":"Formulation, optimization, and characterization of rifampicin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of tuberculosis","volume":"44","author":"Chokshi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.6b00430","article-title":"Gold nanorods as drug delivery vehicles for rifampicin greatly improve the efficacy of combating Mycobacterium tuberculosis with good biocompatibility with the host cells","volume":"27","author":"Ali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Subramaniam, S., Thomas, N., Gustafsson, H., Jambhrunkar, M., Kidd, S.P., and Prestidge, C.A. (2019). Rifampicin-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Intracellular Infections. Antibiotics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8020039"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2020.01.007","article-title":"Relationship Between pH Shifts and Rate of Healing in Chronic Nonhealing Venous Stasis Lower-Extremity Wounds","volume":"59","author":"Tarricone","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Foot. Ankle Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2014.0538","article-title":"The effect of pH on the extracellular matrix and biofilms","volume":"4","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Would Care"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mihai, M.M., Dima, M.B., Dima, B., and Holban, A.M. (2019). Nanomaterials for Wound Healing and Infection Control. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12132176"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.12.033","article-title":"Preparation of composite hydroxybutyl chitosan sponge and its role in promoting wound healing","volume":"184","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xun, M.-M., Huang, Z., Xiao, Y.-P., Liu, Y.-H., Zhang, J., Zhang, J.-H., and Yu, X.-Q. (2018). Synthesis and Properties of Low-Molecular-Weight PEI-Based Lipopolymers for Delivery of DNA. Polymers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10101060"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/s2175-97902018000117314","article-title":"Insulin-loaded polymeric mucoadhesive nanoparticles: Development, characterization and cytotoxicity evaluation","volume":"54","author":"Gatti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz. J. Pharm. Sci"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2017.06.010","article-title":"Intrinsic parameters for the synthesis and tuned properties of amphiphilic chitosan drug delivery nanocarriers","volume":"260","author":"Motiei","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2016.1254240","article-title":"Hydrophobic amino acids grafted onto chitosan: A novel amphiphilic chitosan nanocarrier for hydrophobic drugs","volume":"43","author":"Motiei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2016.12.035","article-title":"Novel amphiphilic chitosan nanocarriers for sustained oral delivery of hydrophobic drugs","volume":"99","author":"Motiei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.115709","article-title":"Stabilization of chitosan-based polyelectrolyte nanoparticle cargo delivery biomaterials by a multiple ionic cross-linking strategy","volume":"231","author":"Motiei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5226","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2017.13844","article-title":"Preparation of amphiphilic chitosan nanoparticles for controlled release of hydrophobic drugs","volume":"17","author":"Motiei","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotech."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultramic.2017.07.001","article-title":"A direct comparison of experimental methods to measure dimensions of synthetic nanoparticles","volume":"182","author":"Eaton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultramicroscopy"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2011.09.042","article-title":"Formation mechanism of monodisperse, low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles by ionic gelation technique","volume":"90","author":"Fan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zieli\u0144ska, A., Carreir\u00f3, F., Oliveira, A.M., Neves, A., Pires, B., Venkatesh, D.N., Durazzo, A., Lucarini, M., Eder, P., and Silva, A.M. (2020). Polymeric nanoparticles: Production, characterization, toxicology and ecotoxicology. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25163731"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1021\/bm301720g","article-title":"Amino acid grafted chitosan for high performance gene delivery: Comparison of amino acid hydrophobicity on vector and polyplex characteristics","volume":"14","author":"Layek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9797(03)00616-7","article-title":"Water-dispersible tryptophan-protected gold nanoparticles prepared by the spontaneous reduction of aqueous chloroaurate ions by the amino acid","volume":"269","author":"Selvakannan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013133921626","article-title":"Determination of the degree of substitution (DS) of mixed cellulose esters by elemental analysis","volume":"8","author":"Borredon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onano.2017.04.002","article-title":"Cross-linked chitosan-dextran sulphate vehicle system for controlled release of ciprofloxaxin drug: An ophthalmic application","volume":"2","author":"Chavan","year":"2017","journal-title":"OpenNano"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nikoli\u0107, G.S., Caki\u0107, M.D., Gli\u0161i\u0107, S., Cvetkovi\u0107, D.J., Miti\u0107, \u017d.J., and Markovi\u0107, D.Z. (2017). Study of Green Nanoparticles and Biocomplexes Based on Exopolysaccharide by Modern Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. Fourier Transforms-High-Tech Application and Current Trends, InTech.","DOI":"10.5772\/65776"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39464","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA03520A","article-title":"Functionalized titanate nanotube\u2013polyetherimide nanocomposite membrane for improved salt rejection under low pressure nanofiltration","volume":"5","author":"Sumisha","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"3664","article-title":"Formulation, characterization and in vivo application of oral insulin nanotechnology using different biodegradable polymers: Advanced drug delivery system","volume":"9","author":"Kassem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4543","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.22159","article-title":"Enhanced oral absorption of paclitaxel in N-deoxycholic acid-N, O-hydroxyethyl chitosan micellar system","volume":"99","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1515\/pac-2016-0301","article-title":"Esterification of chitosan with L-alanine and a study on their effect in removing the heavy metals and total organic carbon (TOC) from wastewater","volume":"88","author":"Hefni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2011.05.008","article-title":"Water dispersible graphene noncovalently functionalized with tryptophan and its poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite","volume":"42","author":"Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.09.056","article-title":"Characterization and antioxidant activity of \u03b2-carotene loaded chitosan-graft-poly (lactide) nanomicelles","volume":"117","author":"Ge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00396-015-3804-4","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-g-carboxymethyl chitosan copolymer-based doxorubicin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles for thermoresponsive drug release","volume":"294","author":"Antoniraj","year":"2016","journal-title":"Colloid Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"279","article-title":"Thermal analysis of phase transitions and crystallization in polymeric fibers","volume":"12","author":"Steinmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Calor. Wide Cont. Differ. Scan. Calor. Isoth. Titra. Calor. Microcalor."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2010.02.026","article-title":"Bioadhesive chitosan nanoparticles: Preparation and characterization","volume":"81","author":"Dudhani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Righetti, M.C. (2017). Crystallization of polymers investigated by temperature-modulated DSC. Materials, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma10040442"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2019.1064","article-title":"A Device to Predict Short-Term Healing Outcome of Chronic Wounds","volume":"9","author":"Vu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.21624","article-title":"Biowaiver monographs for immediate release solid oral dosage forms: Rifampicin","volume":"98","author":"Becker","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(12)60045-8","article-title":"Alteration of chemical behavior of L\u2013ascorbic acid in combination with nickel sulfate at different pH solutions in vitro","volume":"2","author":"Maniyar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acu\u00f1a, L., Hamadat, S., Corbal\u00e1n, N.S., Gonz\u00e1lez-Liz\u00e1rraga, F., dos-Santos-Pereira, M., Rocca, J., Sep\u00falveda D\u00edaz, J., Del-Bel, E., Papy-Garc\u00eda, D., and Cheh\u00edn, R.N. (2019). Rifampicin and Its Derivative Rifampicin Quinone Reduce Microglial Inflammatory Responses and Neurodegeneration Induced In Vitro by \u03b1-Synuclein Fibrillary Aggregates. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8080776"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-82502010000200022","article-title":"Thermal behavior and decomposition kinetics of rifampicin polymorphs under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions","volume":"46","author":"Alves","year":"2010","journal-title":"Braz. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levy, R., Okun, Z., and Shpigelman, A. (2019). The influence of chemical structure and the presence of ascorbic acid on anthocyanins stability and spectral properties in purified model systems. Foods, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods8060207"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.4643","article-title":"Microcellular antibacterial polylactide-based systems prepared by additive extrusion with ALUM","volume":"30","author":"Stloukal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polym. Adv. Tech."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1021\/bm1001685","article-title":"Kinetics study of the solid-state acid hydrolysis of chitosan: Evolution of the crystallinity and macromolecular structure","volume":"11","author":"David","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31870","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b09069","article-title":"Facile strategy enabling both high loading and high release amounts of the water-insoluble drug clofazimine using mesoporous silica nanoparticles","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201104763","article-title":"Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: Synthesis, biocompatibility and drug delivery","volume":"24","author":"Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/7\/2067\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:58:18Z","timestamp":1760363898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/7\/2067"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules26072067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26072067","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]]}}}