{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T14:52:43Z","timestamp":1777474363175,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]],"date-time":"2021-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/Multi\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/00709\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020","award":["029114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["029114"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014717","name":"CENTRO 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014717","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) are among the most appreciated fruits worldwide because of their organoleptic properties and nutritional value. The accurate phytochemical composition and nutritional value of sweet cherries depends on the climatic region, cultivar, and bioaccessibility and bioavailability of specific compounds. Nevertheless, sweet cherry extracts are highly enriched in several phenolic compounds with relevant bioactivity. Over the years, technological advances in chemical analysis and fields as varied as proteomics, genomics and bioinformatics, have allowed the detailed characterization of the sweet cherry bioactive phytonutrients and their biological function. In this context, the effect of sweet cherries on suppressing important events in the carcinogenic process, such as oxidative stress and inflammation, was widely documented. Interestingly, results from our research group and others have widened the action of sweet cherries to many hallmarks of cancer, namely metabolic reprogramming. The present review discusses the anticarcinogenic potential of sweet cherries by addressing their phytochemical composition, the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of specific bioactive compounds, and the existing knowledge concerning the effects against oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, deregulated cell proliferation and apoptosis, invasion and metastization, and metabolic alterations. Globally, this review highlights the prospective use of sweet cherries as a dietary supplement or in cancer treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26102941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T23:17:16Z","timestamp":1621207036000},"page":"2941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Sweet Cherries as Anti-Cancer Agents: From Bioactive Compounds to Function"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8789-4048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara R. S.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-501 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1252-2709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo R.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0712-6522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c2ngelo","family":"Lu\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-501 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Henrique J.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-501 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-501 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C\u00e1tia V.","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-501 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3333-5977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana P.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-501 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8181-488X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Socorro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-501 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Historical review of medicinal plants\u2032 usage","volume":"6","author":"Petrovska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharm. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4510","article-title":"The re-emergence of natural products for drug discovery in the genomics era","volume":"14","author":"Harvey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1657","article-title":"The evolving role of natural products in drug discovery","volume":"4","author":"Koehn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molina-Montes, E., Salamanca-Fern\u00e1ndez, E., Garcia-Villanova, B., and S\u00e1nchez, M.J. (2020). The Impact of Plant-Based Dietary Patterns on Cancer-Related Outcomes: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12072010"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806s","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.106864","article-title":"Anticancer and cancer chemopreventive potential of grape seed extract and other grape-based products","volume":"139","author":"Kaur","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-010-9236-1","article-title":"Cancer and metastasis: Prevention and treatment by green tea","volume":"29","author":"Khan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1039\/c3np20120a","article-title":"21st century natural product research and drug development and traditional medicines","volume":"30","author":"Ngo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390903001719","article-title":"Cherries and health: A review","volume":"51","author":"McCune","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2021, April 23). Production Share of Cherries by Region. Available online: http:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#data\/QC\/visualize."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"73","article-title":"Prunus avium L.: Composition, analysis and health benefits","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Schneider","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prunus: Classification, Cultivation and Toxicity"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.103945","article-title":"Novel insights in health-promoting properties of sweet cherries","volume":"69","author":"Faienza","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelley, D.S., Adkins, Y., and Laugero, K.D. (2018). A review of the health benefits of cherries. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10030368"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2012.10.004","article-title":"Oxidative stress and cancer: An overview","volume":"12","author":"Sosa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4771","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612825666190215121712","article-title":"Oxidative stress and cancer","volume":"24","author":"Klaunig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-018-0740-1","article-title":"Inflammation and cancer","volume":"23","author":"Murata","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_56_18","article-title":"Inflammation and cancer","volume":"18","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Afr. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.11.019","article-title":"The macronutrients\u2019 interplay","volume":"38","author":"Nassar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.10.145","article-title":"Chemical characterisation and bioactive properties of Prunus avium L.: The widely studied fruits and the unexplored stems","volume":"173","author":"Bastos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2014.06.020","article-title":"Chemical composition, nutritional value and antioxidant properties of autochthonous Prunus avium cultivars from Campania Region","volume":"64","author":"Pacifico","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3072","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3072","article-title":"Reuniting overnutrition and undernutrition, macronutrients, and micronutrients","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-017-2880-8","article-title":"Determination of melatonin levels in different cherry cultivars by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection","volume":"243","author":"Rosado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"(2020, December 21). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, FoodData Central (Cherries, Sweet, Raw), Available online: https:\/\/fdc.nal.usda.gov\/fdc-app.html#\/food-details\/171719\/nutrients."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7605","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b03499","article-title":"Assessment of the Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of the Phenolic Compounds of Prunus avium L. by in Vitro Digestion and Cell Model","volume":"4","author":"Soares","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2018.1513996","article-title":"Bioactivity and cell metabolism of in vitro digested sweet cherry (Prunus avium) phenolic compounds","volume":"70","author":"Martini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12049","article-title":"Analytical methods for determining bioavailability and bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds from fruits and vegetables: A review","volume":"13","author":"Buniowska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1039\/C3FO60702J","article-title":"A standardised static in vitro digestion method suitable for food\u2014An international consensus","volume":"5","author":"Minekus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-005-0085-6","article-title":"The Caco-2 cell line as a model of the intestinal barrier: Influence of cell and culture-related factors on Caco-2 cell functional characteristics","volume":"21","author":"Sambuy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3561","DOI":"10.1021\/jf073506a","article-title":"In vitro bioavailability of phenolic compounds from five cultivars of frozen sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.)","volume":"56","author":"Fazzari","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2015.10.009","article-title":"Effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the bioavailability of phenolic components and the antioxidant potentials of some Turkish fruit wines","volume":"78","author":"Celep","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2019.1697438","article-title":"Oxidative stress in exercise training: The involvement of inflammation and peripheral signals","volume":"53","author":"Magherini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4350965","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4350965","article-title":"ROS and ROS-Mediated Cellular Signaling","volume":"2016","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5381692","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5381692","article-title":"Understanding of ROS-Inducing Strategy in Anticancer Therapy","volume":"2019","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-0384-2","article-title":"ROS in cancer therapy: The bright side of the moon","volume":"52","author":"Perillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8106","article-title":"Characterization of autochthonous sweet cherry cultivars (Prunus avium L.) of southern Italy for fruit quality, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity","volume":"97","author":"Russo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.11.024","article-title":"Fruit quality and bioactive compounds relevant to human health of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars grown in Italy","volume":"140","author":"Ballistreri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.01.154","article-title":"Comparison of old cherry cultivars grown in Czech Republic by chemical composition and bioactive compounds","volume":"228","author":"Ticha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5413","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b01409","article-title":"Characterization of phenolic compounds from early and late ripening sweet cherries and their antioxidant and antifungal activities","volume":"65","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.12.008","article-title":"Comparison of phenolic compounds profile and antioxidant properties of different sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) varieties","volume":"279","author":"Acero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1515\/fhort-2016-0011","article-title":"Cultivar effect on the sweet cherry antioxidant and some chemical attributes","volume":"28","author":"Leja","year":"2016","journal-title":"Folia Hortic."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.07.088","article-title":"Identification of bioactive response in traditional cherries from Portugal","volume":"125","author":"Serra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2009.02.008","article-title":"Sweet cherry phytochemicals: Identification and characterization by HPLC-DAD\/ESI-MS in six sweet-cherry cultivars grown in Valle del Jerte (Spain)","volume":"23","author":"Lozano","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matias, A.A., Rosado-Ramos, R., Nunes, S.L., Figueira, I., Serra, A.T., Bronze, M.R., Santos, C.N., and Duarte, C.M.M. (2016). Protective Effect of a (Poly)phenol-Rich Extract Derived from Sweet Cherries Culls against Oxidative Cell Damage. Molecules, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21040406"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2017.03.030","article-title":"Phenolic compounds profile and antioxidant properties of six sweet cherry (Prunus avium) cultivars","volume":"97","author":"Martini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1021\/jf8032039","article-title":"Anthocyanin Content, Lipid Peroxidation and Cyclooxygenase Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Sweet and Sour Cherries","volume":"57","author":"Mulabagal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2019.1661502","article-title":"Sweet Cherry Extract Targets the Hallmarks of Cancer in Prostate Cells: Diminished Viability, Increased Apoptosis and Suppressed Glycolytic Metabolism","volume":"72","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.1752","article-title":"Storage affects the phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of cherries (Prunus avium L) on human low-density lipoproteins","volume":"84","author":"Landbo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4107","DOI":"10.1021\/jf980181c","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of berry phenolics on human low-density lipoprotein and liposome oxidation","volume":"46","author":"Heinonen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1078\/0944-7113-00053","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant cyanidin glycosides in cherries and berries","volume":"8","author":"Seeram","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antognoni, F., Potente, G., Mandrioli, R., Angeloni, C., Freschi, M., Malaguti, M., Hrelia, S., Lugli, S., Gennari, F., and Muzzi, E. (2020). Fruit Quality Characterization of New Sweet Cherry Cultivars as a Good Source of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Potential. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9080677"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CBTO.0000003974.27349.4e","article-title":"Cyanidin and cyanidin 3-O-beta-D -glucoside as DNA cleavage protectors and antioxidants","volume":"19","author":"Acquaviva","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520130122","article-title":"The role of anthocyanins as an antioxidant under oxidative stress in rats","volume":"13","author":"Tsuda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.01.110","article-title":"The relationship between the anthocyanin and vitamin C contents of red-fleshed sweet cherries and the ability of fruit digests to reduce hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells","volume":"227","author":"Leong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2010.09.028","article-title":"How natural dietary antioxidants in fruits, vegetables and legume promote vascular health","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6020466","article-title":"Potential role of carotenoids as antioxidants in human health and disease","volume":"6","author":"Fiedor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia, H., Shen, Y., Shen, T., Wang, X., Zhang, X., Hu, P., Liang, D., Lin, L., Deng, H., and Wang, J. (2020). Melatonin Accumulation in Sweet Cherry and Its Influence on Fruit Quality and Antioxidant Properties. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25030753"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"e13403","article-title":"Cherry extracts attenuate inflammation and oxidative stress triggered by monosodium urate crystals in THP-1 cells","volume":"44","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dziadek, K., Kope\u0107, A., Pi\u0105tkowska, E., and Leszczy\u0144ska, T. (2019). High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders Were Counteracted by the Intake of Fruit and Leaves of Sweet Cherry in Wistar Rats. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112638"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2007.10719599","article-title":"Plasma Antioxidant Capacity Changes Following a Meal as a Measure of the Ability of a Food to Alter In Vivo Antioxidant Status","volume":"26","author":"Prior","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glq099","article-title":"Jerte Valley cherry-enriched diets improve nocturnal rest and increase 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and total antioxidant capacity in the urine of middle-aged and elderly humans","volume":"65","author":"Garrido","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biomed. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.4.981","article-title":"Consumption of Bing Sweet Cherries Lowers Circulating Concentrations of Inflammation Markers in Healthy Men and Women","volume":"136","author":"Kelley","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.12.2383","article-title":"Serum Antioxidant Capacity Is Increased by Consumption of Strawberries, Spinach, Red Wine or Vitamin C in Elderly Women","volume":"128","author":"Cao","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.171371","article-title":"Sweet Bing Cherries Lower Circulating Concentrations of Markers for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases in Healthy Humans","volume":"143","author":"Kelley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5276130","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5276130","article-title":"Role of Antioxidants and Natural Products in Inflammation","volume":"2016","author":"Arulselvan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.207449","article-title":"Prostaglandins and inflammation","volume":"31","author":"Ricciotti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serra, D., Paix\u00e3o, J., Nunes, C., Dinis, T.C., and Almeida, L.M. (2013). Cyanidin-3-glucoside suppresses cytokine-induced inflammatory response in human intestinal cells: Comparison with 5-aminosalicylic acid. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073001"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-16-0209","article-title":"Targeting Inflammation in Cancer Prevention and Therapy","volume":"9","author":"Todoric","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(10)70262-0","article-title":"COX-2 as a target for cancer chemotherapy","volume":"62","author":"Ghosh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beconcini, D., Felice, F., Zambito, Y., Fabiano, A., Piras, A.M., Macedo, M.H., Sarmento, B., and Di Stefano, R. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effect of cherry extract loaded in polymeric nanoparticles: Relevance of particle internalization in endothelial cells. Pharmaceutics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11100500"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01001","article-title":"Effects of Sweet Cherry Polyphenols on Enhanced Osteoclastogenesis Associated With Childhood Obesity","volume":"10","author":"Corbo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2478\/v10136-011-0009-0","article-title":"Jerte Valley cherry-based product modulates serum inflammatory markers in rats and ringdoves","volume":"10","author":"Delgado","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.06.020","article-title":"Non-anthocyanin phenolics in cherry (Prunus avium L.) modulate IL-6, liver lipids and expression of PPAR\u03b4 and LXRs in obese diabetic (db\/db) mice","volume":"266","author":"Noratto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.6.1826","article-title":"Consumption of Cherries Lowers Plasma Urate in Healthy Women","volume":"133","author":"Jacob","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-14-0003","article-title":"Chemoprevention of esophageal cancer with black raspberries, their component anthocyanins, and a major anthocyanin metabolite, protocatechuic acid","volume":"7","author":"Peiffer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201500734","article-title":"Mulberry and cherry anthocyanin consumption prevents oxidative stress and inflammation in diet-induced obese mice","volume":"60","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer: The next generation","volume":"144","author":"Hanahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"1016","article-title":"Revisiting the hallmarks of cancer","volume":"7","author":"Fouad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2010.06.006","article-title":"Processing cherries (Prunus avium) using supercritical fluid technology. Part 2. Evaluation of SCF extracts as promising natural chemotherapeutical agents","volume":"55","author":"Serra","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2010.06.005","article-title":"Processing cherries (Prunus avium) using supercritical fluid technology. Part 1: Recovery of extract fractions rich in bioactive compounds","volume":"55","author":"Serra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103710","article-title":"Dark sweet cherry (Prunus avium) phenolics enriched in anthocyanins exhibit enhanced activity against the most aggressive breast cancer subtypes without toxicity to normal breast cells","volume":"64","author":"Lage","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Layosa, M.A.A., Lage, N.N., Chew, B.P., Atienza, L., Mertens-Talcott, S., Talcott, S., and Noratto, G.D. (2020). Dark Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium) Phenolics Enriched in Anthocyanins Induced Apoptosis in MDA-MB-453 Breast Cancer Cells through MAPK-Dependent Signaling and Reduced Invasion via Akt and PLC\u03b3-1 Downregulation. Nutr. Cancer, 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2020.1817514"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2020.108437","article-title":"Antitumor potential of dark sweet cherry sweet (Prunus avium) phenolics in suppressing xenograft tumor growth of MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells","volume":"84","author":"Noratto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-019-0954-x","article-title":"Targeting PI3K in cancer: Mechanisms and advances in clinical trials","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117666","article-title":"Euscaphic acid and Tormentic acid protect vascular endothelial cells against hypoxia-induced apoptosis via PI3K\/AKT or ERK 1\/2 signaling pathway","volume":"252","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.05.025","article-title":"AKT and ERK dual inhibitors: The way forward?","volume":"459","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shorning, B.Y., Dass, M.S., Smalley, M.J., and Pearson, H.B. (2020). The PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway and Prostate Cancer: At the Crossroads of AR, MAPK, and WNT Signaling. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124507"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5767","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0793-y","article-title":"Cell Death Pathways: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Neuroscientists","volume":"55","author":"Morris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-010-9227-2","article-title":"Inflammation-mediated promotion of invasion and metastasis","volume":"29","author":"Solinas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13627","article-title":"Effects of anthocyanins on the prevention and treatment of cancer","volume":"174","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2005.04.033","article-title":"Mulberry anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-rutinoside and cyanidin 3-glucoside, exhibited an inhibitory effect on the migration and invasion of a human lung cancer cell line","volume":"235","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2012.05.029","article-title":"Berry anthocyanidins synergistically suppress growth and invasive potential of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells","volume":"325","author":"Kausar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2006.08.003","article-title":"Black rice anthocyanins inhibit cancer cells invasion via repressions of MMPs and u-PA expression","volume":"163","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbior.2013.07.006","article-title":"Role of phospholipase C in cell invasion and metastasis","volume":"53","author":"Lattanzio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Biol. Regul."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01066","article-title":"VCAM1 Promotes Tumor Cell Invasion and Metastasis by Inducing EMT and Transendothelial Migration in Colorectal Cancer","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27681","article-title":"Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness and degradation as cancer drivers","volume":"120","author":"Najafi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52138-5.00003-7","article-title":"Chapter 3\u2014Angiogenesis and invasion in cancer","volume":"Volume 104","author":"Aminoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2016.02.010","article-title":"Significance and therapeutic implications of endothelial progenitor cells in angiogenic-mediated tumour metastasis","volume":"100","author":"Flamini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1053\/sonc.2002.37263","article-title":"Role of angiogenesis in tumor growth and metastasis","volume":"29","author":"Folkman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1159\/000088478","article-title":"VEGF as a key mediator of angiogenesis in cancer","volume":"69","author":"Carmeliet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"ref_99","first-page":"455","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-Key factor in normal and pathological angiogenesis","volume":"59","author":"Melincovici","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rom. J. Morphol. Embryol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735405282557","article-title":"Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and VEGF Receptors in Tumor Angiogenesis and Malignancies","volume":"4","author":"Pradeep","year":"2005","journal-title":"Integr. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2015.05.008","article-title":"Sp1 transcription factor: A long-standing target in cancer chemotherapy","volume":"152","author":"Mansilla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0155","article-title":"Anthocyanins in black raspberries prevent esophageal tumors in rats","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2017.1301680","article-title":"HIF-1 in cancer therapy: Two decade long story of a transcription factor","volume":"56","author":"Soni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-0134-x","article-title":"Molecular principles of metastasis: A hallmark of cancer revisited","volume":"5","author":"Fares","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohshima, K., and Morii, E. (2021). Metabolic Reprogramming of Cancer Cells during Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Metabolites, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11010028"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.03.053","article-title":"The peculiarities of cancer cell metabolism: A route to metastasization and a target for therapy","volume":"171","author":"Carvalho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cardoso, H.J., Carvalho, T.M.A., Fonseca, L.R.S., Figueira, M.I., Vaz, C.V., and Socorro, S. (2020). Revisiting prostate cancer metabolism: From metabolites to disease and therapy. Med. Res. Rev.","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21766"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.8.6.519","article-title":"THE METABOLISM OF TUMORS IN THE BODY","volume":"8","author":"Warburg","year":"1927","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-020-00575-9","article-title":"Glutaminolysis is a metabolic route essential for survival and growth of prostate cancer cells and a target of 5\u03b1-dihydrotestosterone regulation","volume":"44","author":"Cardoso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alzaid, F., Cheung, H.M., Preedy, V.R., and Sharp, P.A. (2013). Regulation of glucose transporter expression in human intestinal Caco-2 cells following exposure to an anthocyanin-rich berry extract. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078932"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Sales, N.F.F., Silva da Costa, L., Carneiro, T.I.A., Minuzzo, D.A., Oliveira, F.L., Cabral, L.M.C., Torres, A.G., and El-Bacha, T. (2018). Anthocyanin-Rich Grape Pomace Extract (Vitis vinifera L.) from Wine Industry Affects Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Glucose Metabolism in Human Hepatocarcinoma HepG2 Cells. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23030611"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M013375","article-title":"Anthocyanin inhibits high glucose-induced hepatic mtGPAT1 activation and prevents fatty acid synthesis through PKC\u03b6","volume":"52","author":"Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/10\/2941\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:01:49Z","timestamp":1760162509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/26\/10\/2941"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules26102941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26102941","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]]}}}