{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T22:47:38Z","timestamp":1774046858913,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00616\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00616\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00616\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00616\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Supramolecular chemistry has become a central theme in chemical and biological sciences over the last decades. Supramolecular structures are being increasingly used in biomedical applications, particularly in devices requiring specific stimuli-responsiveness. Fullerenes, and supramolecular assemblies thereof, have gained great visibility in biomedical sciences and engineering. Sensitive and selective methods are required for the study of their inclusion in complexes in various application fields. With this in mind, two new fluorescent bis-calix[4]arene-carbazole conjugates (4 and 5) have been designed. Herein, their synthesis and ability to behave as specific hosts for fullerenes C60 and C70 is described. The optical properties of the novel compounds and their complexes with C60 and C70 were thoroughly studied by UV-Vis and steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopies. The association constants (Ka) for the complexation of C60 and C70 by 4 and 5 were determined by fluorescence techniques. A higher stability was found for the C70@4 supramolecule (Ka = 5.6 \u00d7 104 M\u22121; \u0394G = \u22126.48 kcal\/mol). Evidence for the formation of true inclusion complexes between the host 4 and C60\/C70 was obtained from NMR spectroscopy performed at low temperatures. The experimental findings were fully corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) models performed on the host\u2013guest assemblies (C60@4 and C70@4).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26165000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T10:54:35Z","timestamp":1629284075000},"page":"5000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Fluorescent Bis-Calix[4]arene-Carbazole Conjugates: Synthesis and Inclusion Complexation Studies with Fullerenes C60 and C70"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8274-633X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia D.","family":"Barata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Em\u00eddio Navarro, 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica-Vila Real, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alexandra I.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Em\u00eddio Navarro, 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica-Vila Real, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Em\u00eddio Navarro, 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9068-2847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 V.","family":"Prata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Em\u00eddio Navarro, 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica-Vila Real, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CS90037F","article-title":"Supramolecular chemistry anniversary","volume":"46","author":"Amabilino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. 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