{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T09:39:49Z","timestamp":1768297189438,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50011\/2020 & UIDP\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50011\/2020 & UIDP\/50011\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/00263\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/00263\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund  (Portugal)","award":["COMPETE 2020 n\u00ba246\/AXIS II\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COMPETE 2020 n\u00ba246\/AXIS II\/2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Green composites, composed of bio-based matrices and natural fibers, are a sustainable alternative for composites based on conventional thermoplastics and glass fibers. In this work, micronized bleached Eucalyptus kraft pulp (BEKP) fibers were used as reinforcement in biopolymeric matrices, namely poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). The influence of the load and aspect ratio of the mechanically treated microfibers on the morphology, water uptake, melt flowability, and mechanical and thermal properties of the green composites were investigated. Increasing fiber loads raised the tensile and flexural moduli as well as the tensile strength of the composites, while decreasing their elongation at the break and melt flow rate. The reduced aspect ratio of the micronized fibers (in the range from 11.0 to 28.9) improved their embedment in the matrices, particularly for PHB, leading to superior mechanical performance and lower water uptake when compared with the composites with non-micronized pulp fibers. The overall results show that micronization is a simple and sustainable alternative for conventional chemical treatments in the manufacturing of entirely bio-based composites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26185594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T12:00:44Z","timestamp":1631707244000},"page":"5594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Effect of the Micronization of Pulp Fibers on the Properties of Green Composites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7252-4933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno F. A.","family":"Valente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5403-8416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando J. D.","family":"Silvestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos Pascoal","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAIZ\u2014Research Institute of Forest and Paper, The Navigator Company, Rua Jos\u00e9 Estev\u00e3o, 3800-783 Eixo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9212-2704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Vilela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6320-4663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen S. R.","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/15583724.2014.971124","article-title":"A review of natural fibers used in biocomposites: Plant, animal and regenerated cellulose fibers","volume":"55","author":"Ramamoorthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Polym. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1177\/0731684418799528","article-title":"Tensile and flexural properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites: A review","volume":"37","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Reinf. Plast. 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