{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T04:21:54Z","timestamp":1778041314243,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,2]],"date-time":"2022-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020.04947.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.04947.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UI\/BD\/151025\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/BD\/151025\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cherries have largely been investigated due to their high content in phenolics in order to fully explore their health-promoting properties. Therefore, this work aimed to assess, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory potential of phenolic-targeted fractions of the Saco cherry, using RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects on gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells were evaluated, as well as the ability to protect these cellular models against induced oxidative stress. The obtained data revealed that cherry fractions can interfere with cellular nitric oxide (NO) levels by capturing NO radicals and decreasing inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Furthermore, it was observed that all cherry fractions exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against AGS cells, presenting cytotoxic selectivity for these cancer cells when compared to SH-SY5Y and NHDF cells. Regarding their capacity to protect cancer cells against oxidative injury, in most assays, the total cherry extract was the most effective. Overall, this study reinforces the idea that sweet cherries can be incorporated into new pharmaceutical products, smart foods and nutraceuticals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27010268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T03:46:27Z","timestamp":1641527187000},"page":"268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Properties of Sweet Cherry Phenolic-Rich Extracts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7795-795X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana C.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"CIBIT\u2014Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9673-4337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana R.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2200-4400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 D.","family":"Flores-F\u00e9lix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3854-6549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Am\u00edlcar","family":"Falc\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIT\u2014Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4213-0714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilberto","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5264-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds R.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"CPIRN-UDI\/IPG, Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-00114-z","article-title":"Natural products in drug discovery: Advances and opportunities","volume":"20","author":"Atanasov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b01285","article-title":"Natural products as sources of new drugs over the nearly four decades from 01\/1981 to 09\/2019","volume":"83","author":"Newman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Ramadan, M.F. (2020). Cold pressed oils from genus Prunus. Cold Pressed Oils, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves, A.C., Flores-F\u00e9lix, D., Costa, A.R., Falc\u00e3o, A., Alves, G., and Silva, L.R. (2021). Hepatoprotective effects of sweet cherry extracts (cv. Saco). Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10112623"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves, A.C., Rodrigues, M., Santos, A.O., Alves, G., and Silva, L.R. (2018). Antioxidant status, antidiabetic properties and effects on Caco-2 cells of colored and non-colored enriched extracts of sweet cherry fruits. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201809.0414.v1"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matias, A.A., Rosado-Ramos, R., Nunes, S.L., Figueira, I., Serra, A.T., Bronze, M.R., Santos, C.N., and Duarte, C.M.M. (2016). Protective effect of a (poly)phenol-rich extract derived from sweet cherries culls against oxidative cell damage. Molecules, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21040406"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.07.088","article-title":"Identification of bioactive response in traditional cherries from Portugal","volume":"125","author":"Serra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2017.02.023","article-title":"Sweet cherries from Fund\u00e3o possess antidiabetic potential and protect human erythrocytes against oxidative damage","volume":"95","author":"Bento","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jesus, F., Gon\u00e7alves, A.C., Alves, G., and Silva, L.R. (2018). Exploring the phenolic profile, antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-hemolytic potential of Prunus avium vegetal parts. Food Res. Int.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.08.079"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pld.2019.01.003","article-title":"Prunus sunhangii: A new species of Prunus from central China","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Divers."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunes, A.R., Gon\u00e7alves, A.C., Alves, G., Falc\u00e3o, A., Garc\u00eda-Viguera, C., Moreno, D.A., and Silva, L.R. (2021). Valorisation of Prunus avium L. by-products: Phenolic composition and effect on Caco-2 cells viability. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10061185"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2017.06.014","article-title":"Medicinal species as MTDLs: Turnera diffusa Willd. Ex Schult inhibits CNS enzymes and delays glutamate excitotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells via oxidative damage","volume":"106","author":"Bernardo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.02.018","article-title":"Assessing the phenolic profile, antioxidant, antidiabetic and protective effects against oxidative damage in human erythrocytes of peaches from Fund\u00e3o","volume":"43","author":"Bento","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moita, E., Gil-Izquierdo, A., Sousa, C., Ferreres, F., Silva, L.R., Valent\u00e3o, P., Dom\u00ednguez-Perles, R., Baenas, N., and Andrade, P.B. (2013). Integrated analysis of COX-2 and iNOS derived inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW macrophages pre-exposed to Echium plantagineum L. bee pollen extract. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059131"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1021\/jf505568h","article-title":"Effects of colored and noncolored phenolics of Echium plantagineum L. bee pollen in Caco-2 cells under oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide","volume":"63","author":"Sousa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahidi, F., and Yeo, J. (2018). Bioactivities of phenolics by focusing on suppression of chronic diseases: A review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061573"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00694","article-title":"Lifestyle, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: Back and forth in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases","volume":"11","author":"Zucca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jesus, F., Gon\u00e7alves, A.C., Alves, G., and Silva, L.R. (2020). Health benefits of Prunus avium plant parts: An unexplored source rich in phenolic compounds. Food Rev. Int.","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2020.1854781"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bento, C., Gon\u00e7alves, A.C., Silva, B., and Silva, L.R. (2020). Peach (Prunus persica): Phytochemicals and health benefits. Food Rev. Int., 1\u201332.","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2020.1837861"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2018.06.001","article-title":"Modulation of the enzyme activity of secretory phospholipase A 2, lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase involved in inflammation and disease by extracts from some medicinal plants used for skincare and beauty","volume":"120","author":"Thibane","year":"2019","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gim\u00e9nez-Bastida, J.A., Gonz\u00e1lez-Sarr\u00edas, A., Laparra-Llopis, J.M., Schneider, C., and Esp\u00edn, J.C. (2021). Targeting mammalian 5-lipoxygenase by dietary phenolics as an anti-inflammatory mechanism: A systematic review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22157937"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yahfoufi, N., Alsadi, N., Jambi, M., and Matar, C. (2018). The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory role of polyphenols. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111618"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.05.031","article-title":"Suppression of iNOS and COX-2 expression by flavokawain A via blockade of NF-kB and AP-1 activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages","volume":"58","author":"Kwon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127169","article-title":"Echium plantagineum L. honey: Search of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and polyphenols, anti-inflammatory potential and cytotoxicity","volume":"328","author":"Moreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrade, C., Ferreres, F., Gomes, N.G.M., Duangsrisai, S., Srisombat, N., Vajrodaya, S., Pereira, D.M., Gil-Izquierdo, A., Andrade, P.B., and Valent\u00e3o, P. (2019). Phenolic profiling and biological potential of ficus curtipes corner leaves and stem bark: 5-Lipoxygenase inhibition and interference with NO Levels in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages. Biomolecules, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9090400"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.07.053","article-title":"UHPLC-MS\/MS profiling of Aplysia depilans and assessment of its potential therapeutic use: Interference on iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and caspase-mediated pro-apoptotic effect on SH-SY5Y cells","volume":"37","author":"Pereira","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2012.02.011","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives isolated from corn bran in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw 264.7 macrophages","volume":"50","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-014-0279-x","article-title":"Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside in hydrogen peroxide and lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells","volume":"23","author":"Jung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2005.03.014","article-title":"Down-regulatory effect of quercitrin gallate on nuclear factor-\u03baB-dependent inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages RAW 264.7","volume":"69","author":"Byung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7134","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA13569F","article-title":"Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols extracted from Ilex latifolia Thunb","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antwi, C.A., Amisigo, C.M., Adjimani, J.P., and Gwira, T.M. (2019). In vitro activity and mode of action of phenolic compounds on Leishmania donovani. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007206"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1159\/000337602","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in mouse transformed clara cells","volume":"29","author":"Britt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01312.x","article-title":"Regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and cytosolic phospholipase A 2 gene expression by lipopolysaccharide through the RNA-binding protein HuR: Involvement of NADPH oxidase, reactive oxygen species and mitogen-activated protein kinases","volume":"163","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.6.1826","article-title":"Consumption of cherries lowers plasma urate in healthy women","volume":"133","author":"Jacob","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2478\/v10136-011-0009-0","article-title":"Jerte Valley cherry-based product modulates serum inflammatory markers in rats and ringdoves","volume":"10","author":"Delgado","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1078\/0944-7113-00053","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant cyanidin glycosides in cherries and berries","volume":"8","author":"Seeram","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.06.023","article-title":"Effects of taraxasterol on iNOS and COX-2 expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages","volume":"155","author":"Xiong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2004-105","article-title":"Mango ginger (curcuma amada) inhibits collagen-induced arthritis by modulating inflammatory cytokine levels in rats","volume":"50","author":"Orhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turkish J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4277","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2015.16.10.4277","article-title":"Suppression of inflammatory responses by black rice extract in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells via downregulation of NF-kB and AP-1 signaling pathways","volume":"16","author":"Limtrakul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pacific J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zieli\u0144ska, D.Z., Zieli\u0144ski, H.Z., Gim\u00e9nez-Bastida, J.A., and Laparra-Llopis, J.M. (2021). Caffeic acid modulates processes associated with intestinal inflammation. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020554"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves, A.C., Nunes, A.R., Falc\u00e3o, A., Alves, G., and Silva, L.R. (2021). Dietary effects of anthocyanins in human health: A comprehensive review. Pharmaceuticals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14070690"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.02.001","article-title":"Mitochondrial ferritin protects SH-SY5Y cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and modulates \u03b1-synuclein expression","volume":"291","author":"Guan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41576","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA02710A","article-title":"Pennyroyal and gastrointestinal cells: Multi-target protection of phenolic compounds against t-BHP-induced toxicity","volume":"5","author":"Ferreres","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103710","article-title":"Dark sweet cherry (Prunus avium) phenolics enriched in anthocyanins exhibit enhanced activity against the most aggressive breast cancer subtypes without toxicity to normal breast cells","volume":"64","author":"Lage","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.10.145","article-title":"Chemical characterisation and bioactive properties of Prunus avium L.: The widely studied fruits and the unexplored stems","volume":"173","author":"Bastos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2017.02.002","article-title":"Antioxidant activity and anticancer effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the roots of Ficus beecheyana and their phenolic components","volume":"26","author":"Yen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109281","article-title":"Anticancer activity of \u201cTrigno M\u201d, extract of Prunus spinosa drupes, against in vitro 3D and in vivo colon cancer models","volume":"118","author":"Condello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104584","article-title":"Advances on natural polyphenols as anticancer agents for skin cancer","volume":"151","author":"Sajadimajd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325308","DOI":"10.1080\/16546628.2017.1325308","article-title":"Antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities of anthocyanin and anthocyanidin extracts from blueberry fruits on B16-F10 melanoma cells","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4377","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.15511","article-title":"Multitarget protection of Pterospartum tridentatum phenolic-rich extracts against a wide range of free radical species, antidiabetic activity and effects on human colon carcinoma (Caco-2) cells","volume":"85","author":"Bento","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23077","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23077","article-title":"Growth inhibition and apoptosis in cancer cells induced by polyphenolic compounds of Acacia hydaspica: Involvement of multiple signal transduction pathways","volume":"6","author":"Afsar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, T., Luo, Z., Guo, Z., Wang, X., Ding, M., Wang, W., Shen, X., and Zhao, Y. (2021). Multiple roles of black raspberry anthocyanins protecting against alcoholic liver disease. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26082313"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2012.07.006","article-title":"Anthocyanin-enriched bilberry and blackcurrant extracts modulate amyloid precursor protein processing and alleviate behavioral abnormalities in the APP\/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Koivisto","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-017-2463-x","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of phenolic and carboxylic acids on oxidative stress-induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells","volume":"43","author":"Gay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2016.06.036","article-title":"Phenolics from the Patagonian currants Ribes spp.: Isolation, characterization and cytoprotective effect in human AGS cells","volume":"26","author":"Theoduloz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribera-Fonseca, A., Jim, D., Leal, P., Riquelme, I., Roa, J.C., Alberdi, M., Peek, R.M., and Reyes-D\u00edaz, M. (2020). The anti-proliferative and anti-invasive effect of leaf extracts of blueberry plants treated with methyl jasmonate on human gastric cancer in vitro is related to their antioxidant properties. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9010045"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(02)00198-1","article-title":"Prooxidant activity and cellular effects of the phenoxyl radicals of dietary flavonoids and other polyphenolics","volume":"177","author":"Galati","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graft-Johnson, J., and Nowak, D. (2017). Effect of selected plant phenolics on Fe2+-EDTA-H2O2 system mediated deoxyribose oxidation: Molecular structure-derived relationships of anti- and pro-oxidant actions. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22010059"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2863(02)00208-5","article-title":"Flavonoid antioxidants: Chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships","volume":"13","author":"Heim","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lecci, R.M., D\u2019Antuono, I., Cardinali, A., Garbetta, A., Linsalata, V., Logrieco, A.F., and Leone, A. (2021). Antioxidant and pro-oxidant capacities as mechanisms of photoprotection of olive polyphenols on UVA-damaged human keratinocytes. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26082153"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taciak, B., Bia\u0142asek, M., Braniewska, A., Sas, Z., Sawicka, P., Kiraga, \u0141., Rygiel, T., and Kro, M. (2018). Evaluation of phenotypic and functional stability of RAW 264.7 cell line through serial passages. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198943"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, R.B., Pereira, D.M., Jim, C., Rodr, J., Nieto, R.M., Videira, R.A., Silva, O., and Andrade, P.B. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of 5\u03b1,8\u03b1-Epidioxycholest-6-en-3\u03b2-ol, a steroidal endoperoxide isolated from Aplysia depilans, based on bioguided fractionation and NMR analysis. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17060330"}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/27\/1\/268\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:26:42Z","timestamp":1760362002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/27\/1\/268"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,2]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules27010268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27010268","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.20944\/preprints202112.0263.v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,2]]}}}