{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T07:40:06Z","timestamp":1771659606790,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/ 50011\/2020 & UIDP\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/ 50011\/2020 & UIDP\/50011\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/05183\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/05183\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019591","name":"Universit\u00e9 Sultan Moulay Slimane","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Financial support for Sofia Zazouli"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Financial support for Sofia Zazouli"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019591","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zizyphus lotus L. is a perennial shrub particularly used in Algerian folk medicine, but little is known concerning the lipophilic compounds in the most frequently used parts, namely, root bark, pulp, leaves and seeds, which are associated with health benefits. In this vein, the lipophilic fractions of these morphological parts of Z. lotus from Morocco were studied by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS), and their antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. GC\u2013MS analysis allowed the identification and quantification of 99 lipophilic compounds, including fatty acids, long-chain aliphatic alcohols, pentacyclic triterpenic compounds, sterols, monoglycerides, aromatic compounds and other minor components. Lipophilic extracts of pulp, leaves and seeds were revealed to be mainly composed of fatty acids, representing 54.3\u201388.6% of the total compounds detected. The leaves and seeds were particularly rich in unsaturated fatty acids, namely, (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid (2431 mg kg\u22121 of dry weight) and (9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid (6255 mg kg\u22121 of dry weight). In contrast, root bark contained a high content of pentacyclic triterpenic compounds, particularly betulinic acid, accounting for 9838 mg kg\u22121 of dry weight. Root bark extract showed promising antiproliferative activity against a triple-negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 4.23 \u00b1 0.18 \u00b5g mL\u22121 of extract. Leaf extract displayed interesting antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis, presenting minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values from 1024 to 2048 \u00b5g mL\u22121 of extract. Our results demonstrate that Zizyphus lotus L. is a source of promising bioactive components, which can be exploited as natural ingredients in pharmaceutical formulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27020483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T03:14:03Z","timestamp":1642130043000},"page":"483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Chemical Profile of Lipophilic Fractions of Different Parts of Zizyphus lotus L. by GC-MS and Evaluation of Their Antiproliferative and Antibacterial Activities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Sofia","family":"Zazouli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Sustainable Development, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco"},{"name":"Laboratory of Bio-Organic an Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Chigr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bio-Organic an Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1922-6937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia A. B.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alentejo Biotechnology Center for Agriculture and Agro-Food (CEBAL), Polytechnic Institute of Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal"},{"name":"Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development\u2014MED, CEBAL, 7081-908 Beja, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5016-2567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria M.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alentejo Biotechnology Center for Agriculture and Agro-Food (CEBAL), Polytechnic Institute of Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Jouaiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Sustainable Development, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2223-7784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria F.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alentejo Biotechnology Center for Agriculture and Agro-Food (CEBAL), Polytechnic Institute of Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal"},{"name":"Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development\u2014MED, CEBAL, 7081-908 Beja, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6749-7619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia A. O.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5403-8416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando J. D.","family":"Silvestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2010.02.092","article-title":"Seed germination at different temperatures and water stress levels, and seedling emergence from different depths of Ziziphus lotus","volume":"76","author":"Maraghni","year":"2010","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. 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