{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T11:24:11Z","timestamp":1770722651816,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["project LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/6686\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/6686\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>New psychoactive substances represent a public health threat since they are not controlled by international conventions, are easily accessible online and are sold as a legal alternative to illicit drugs. Among them, synthetic cathinones are widely abused due to their stimulant and hallucinogenic effects. To circumvent the law, new derivatives are clandestinely synthesized and, therefore, synthetic cathinones keep emerging on the drug market, with their chemical and toxicological properties still unknown. In this review, a literature assessment about synthetic cathinones is presented focusing on the recent developments, which include more than 50 derivatives since 2014. A summary of their toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic properties are also presented. Furthermore, synthetic cathinones are chiral compounds, meaning that they can exist as two enantiomeric forms which may present different biological and toxicological activities. To analyze the enantiomers, the development of enantiomeric resolution methods for synthetic cathinones is crucial. Many methods have been reported over the years that include mostly chromatographic and electromigration techniques, with liquid chromatography using chiral stationary phases being the technique of choice. This review intended to present an overview of enantioselectivity studies and enantioseparation analysis regarding synthetic cathinones, highlighting the relevance of chirality and current trends.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27072057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T23:30:23Z","timestamp":1647991823000},"page":"2057","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Synthetic Cathinones: Recent Developments, Enantioselectivity Studies and Enantioseparation Methods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6826-1854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e2nica e Farmac\u00eautica, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7399-0197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e2nica e Farmac\u00eautica, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7395-5700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula Guedes de","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1382-5119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Remi\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0940-9163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e2nica e Farmac\u00eautica, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"UNODC (2021, March 18). World Drugs Report. Available online: https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/data-and-analysis\/WDR2014\/World_Drug_Report_2014_web.pdf."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Watson, R.R., and Zibadi, S. (2017). Chapter 29\u2014Novel Psychoactive Substances: A New Behavioral and Mental Health Threat. Addictive Substances and Neurological Disease, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Preedy, V.R. (2016). Chapter 63\u2014Treating the Phenomenon of New Psychoactive Substances: Synthetic Cannabinoids and Synthetic Cathinones. Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Taba, P., Lees, A., and Sikk, K. (2015). Chapter Thirteen\u2014\u201cLegal Highs\u201d\u2014An Emerging Epidemic of Novel Psychoactive Substances. International Review of Neurobiology, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"EMCDDA (2021, March 18). New Psychoactive Substances: Global Markets, Glocal Threats and the COVID-19 Pandemic-An Update from the EU Early Warning System. Available online: https:\/\/www.emcdda.europa.eu\/publications\/rapid-communication\/new-psychoactive-substances-global-markets-glocal-threats-and-covid-19-pandemic_en."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-013-1163-9","article-title":"Khat and synthetic cathinones: A review","volume":"88","author":"Valente","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2013.07.023","article-title":"Bath salts and synthetic cathinones: An emerging designer drug phenomenon","volume":"97","author":"German","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-015-9435-z","article-title":"Chemical composition of Catha edulis (khat): A review","volume":"15","author":"Getasetegn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2006). WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence: Thirty-Fourth Report, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"7","article-title":"Synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones: Prevalence and markets","volume":"25","author":"Tuv","year":"2013","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"EMCDDA (2015). European Drug Report 2015: Trends and Developments, Publications Office of the European Union."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.204","article-title":"Powerful cocaine-like actions of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), a principal constituent of psychoactive \u2018bath salts\u2019 products","volume":"38","author":"Baumann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2019.1679087","article-title":"Synthetic cathinones: An evolving class of new psychoactive substances","volume":"49","author":"Alves","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-017-0385-6","article-title":"The newest cathinone derivatives as designer drugs: An analytical and toxicological review","volume":"36","author":"Majchrzak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-021-03083-3","article-title":"An updated review on synthetic cathinones","volume":"95","author":"Soares","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1365","article-title":"Prevalence and co-existence of active components of \u2018legal highs\u2019","volume":"5","author":"Zuba","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"37","article-title":"Emerging drugs of abuse: Current perspectives on substituted cathinones","volume":"5","author":"Cesbron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Subst. Abus. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(93)90110-F","article-title":"Cocaine-stimulus generalization to two new designer drugs: Methcathinone and 4-methylaminorex","volume":"45","author":"Young","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(97)00323-7","article-title":"Cathinone: An investigation of several N-alkyl and methylenedioxy-substituted analogs","volume":"58","author":"Young","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dasgupta, A. (2017). 3-Designer drugs including bath salts and spices. Alcohol, Drugs, Genes and the Clinical Laboratory, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-805455-0.00003-8"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"(2021, March 18). Government Decreto-Lei n.\u00ba 54\/2013 Di\u00e1rio da Rep\u00fablica n\u00ba75\/2013. Available online: https:\/\/dre.pt\/dre\/detalhe\/decreto-lei\/54-2013-260418."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-013-0194-5","article-title":"Identification of two new-type designer drugs, piperazine derivative MT-45 (I-C6) and synthetic peptide Noopept (GVS-111), with synthetic cannabinoid A-834735, cathinone derivative 4-methoxy-\u03b1-PVP, and phenethylamine derivative 4-methylbuphedrine from illegal products","volume":"32","author":"Uchiyama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.03.013","article-title":"Characterization of four new designer drugs, 5-chloro-NNEI, NNEI indazole analog, \u03b1-PHPP and \u03b1-POP, with 11 newly distributed designer drugs in illegal products","volume":"243","author":"Uchiyama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-014-0238-5","article-title":"Chemical analysis of a benzofuran derivative, 2-(2-ethylaminopropyl)benzofuran (2-EAPB), eight synthetic cannabinoids, five cathinone derivatives, and five other designer drugs newly detected in illegal products","volume":"32","author":"Uchiyama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.05.003","article-title":"4F-PBP (4\u2032-fluoro-\u03b1-pyrrolidinobutyrophenone), a new substance of abuse: Structural characterization and purity NMR profiling","volume":"252","author":"Gaspar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-015-0288-3","article-title":"Identification and characterization of \u03b1-PVT, \u03b1-PBT, and their bromothienyl analogs found in illicit drug products","volume":"34","author":"Doi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-015-0289-2","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a new designer drug thiothinone in seized products","volume":"34","author":"Gambaro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2136","article-title":"Identification and analytical characterization of nine synthetic cathinone derivatives N-ethylhexedrone, 4-Cl-pentedrone, 4-Cl-\u03b1-EAPP, propylone, N-ethylnorpentylone, 6-MeO-bk-MDMA, \u03b1-PiHP, 4-Cl-\u03b1-PHP, and 4-F-\u03b1-PHP","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2017.04.007","article-title":"Brephedrone: A new psychoactive substance seized in Brazil","volume":"275","author":"Machado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-015-0299-0","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a novel cathinone derivative 1-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)-2-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-ethanone seized by customs in Jersey","volume":"34","author":"Bijlsma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-017-0360-2","article-title":"Identification and structural characterization of four novel synthetic cathinones: \u03b1-methylaminohexanophenone (hexedrone, HEX), 4-bromoethcathinone (4-BEC), 4-chloro-\u03b1-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (4-Cl-PPP), and 4-bromo-\u03b1-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (4-Br-PVP) after their seizures","volume":"35","author":"Bednarek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2218","article-title":"Analytical characterization of three cathinone derivatives, 4-MPD, 4F-PHP and bk-EPDP, purchased as bulk powder from online vendors","volume":"10","author":"Apirakkan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-018-0422-0","article-title":"Reporting the novel synthetic cathinone 5-PPDI through its analytical characterization by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance","volume":"36","author":"Gil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-018-00463-w","article-title":"Identification and structural characterization of synthetic cathinones: N-propylcathinone, 2,4-dimethylmethcathinone, 2,4-dimethylethcathinone, 2,4-dimethyl-\u03b1-pyrrolidinopropiophenone, 4-bromo-\u03b1-pyrrolidinopropiophenone, 1-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)hexan-1-one and 2,4-dimethylisocathinone","volume":"37","author":"Blazewicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2712","article-title":"Identification and analytical characterization of the synthetic cathinone N-butylhexedrone","volume":"12","author":"Shevyrin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-020-00525-y","article-title":"Spectroscopic and crystallographic characterization of a new cathinone derivative: 1-phenyl-2-(butylamino)hexan-1-one hydrochloride (N-butylhexedrone)","volume":"38","author":"Rojkiewicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.10.016","article-title":"A novel synthetic cathinone, 2-(methylamino)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl) propan-1-one (BMAPN), produced rewarding effects and altered striatal dopamine-related gene expression in mice","volume":"317","author":"Botanas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2366","article-title":"Prediction of designer drugs: Synthesis and spectroscopic analysis of synthetic cathinone analogs that may appear on the Swedish drug market","volume":"10","author":"Carlsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2018.07.001","article-title":"Proactive response to tackle the threat of emerging drugs: Synthesis and toxicity evaluation of new cathinones","volume":"290","author":"Gaspar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-014-0230-0","article-title":"Identification and quantitation of a new cathinone designer drug PV9 in an \u201caroma liquid\u201d product, antemortem whole blood and urine specimens, and a postmortem whole blood specimen in a fatal poisoning case","volume":"32","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-018-0417-x","article-title":"Fatal case of poisoning with a new cathinone derivative: \u03b1-propylaminopentiophenone (N-PP)","volume":"36","author":"Majchrzak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2018.05.002","article-title":"A two fatal cases of poisoning involving new cathinone derivative PV8","volume":"33","author":"Pieprzyca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leg. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2019.101626","article-title":"A case of intoxication with a new cathinone derivative \u03b1-PiHP\u2013A presentation of concentrations in biological specimens","volume":"42","author":"Adamowicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leg. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00156","article-title":"Synthetic Cathinone and Cannabinoid Designer Drugs Pose a Major Risk for Public Health","volume":"8","author":"Weinstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X13666141210224137","article-title":"Synthetic cathinones: A new public health problem","volume":"13","author":"Karila","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2012.03.009","article-title":"Synthetic cathinones: Chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of a new class of designer drugs of abuse marketed as \u201cbath salts\u201d or \u201cplant food\u201d","volume":"211","author":"Coppola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaitsu, K. (2018). Metabolism of Synthetic Cathinones, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-78707-7_5"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.313","article-title":"Cathinone derivatives: A review of their chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology","volume":"3","author":"Kelly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.2174\/138920010791526042","article-title":"Metabolism of designer drugs of abuse: An updated review","volume":"11","author":"Meyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000263","article-title":"The Toxicology of New Psychoactive Substances: Synthetic Cathinones and Phenylethylamines","volume":"38","author":"Andersson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther. Drug Monit."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2018_178","article-title":"Neuropharmacology of Synthetic Cathinones","volume":"252","author":"Baumann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handb. Exp. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.4274\/tjps.galenos.2018.40820","article-title":"Psychoactive Bath Salts and Neurotoxicity Risk","volume":"17","author":"Altun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk. J. Pharma. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-011-0193-z","article-title":"The toxicology of bath salts: A review of synthetic cathinones","volume":"8","author":"Prosser","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e318266c70c","article-title":"Suspected and Confirmed Fatalities Associated With Mephedrone (4-Methylmethcathinone, \u201cMeow Meow\u201d) in the United Kingdom","volume":"32","author":"Schifano","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrmann, E.S., Johnson, P.S., Johnson, M., and Vandrey, R. (2016). Novel Drugs of Abuse: Cannabinoids, Stimulants, and Hallucinogens. General Processes and Mechanisms, Prescription Medications, Caffeine and Areca, Polydrug Misuse, Emerging Addictions and Non-Drug Addictions, Elsevier Inc.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800634-4.00088-3"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkx074","article-title":"Chiral Resolution and Enantioselectivity of Synthetic Cathinones: A Brief Review","volume":"42","author":"Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)00348-3","article-title":"Methcathinone (\u201ccat\u201d): An enantiomeric potency comparison","volume":"50","author":"Glennon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12951","article-title":"Stereochemistry of mephedrone neuropharmacology: Enantiomer-specific behavioural and neurochemical effects in rats","volume":"172","author":"Gregg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.12.010","article-title":"Abuse-related neurochemical and behavioral effects of cathinone and 4-methylcathinone stereoisomers in rats","volume":"26","author":"Hutsell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.5b00006","article-title":"Stereoselective Actions of Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) To Inhibit Dopamine and Norepinephrine Transporters and Facilitate Intracranial Self-Stimulation in Rats","volume":"6","author":"Kolanos","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.115.229500","article-title":"Stereoselective Effects of Abused \u201cBath Salt\u201d Constituent 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone in Mice: Drug Discrimination, Locomotor Activity, and Thermoregulation","volume":"356","author":"Gannon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-016-0324-y","article-title":"Chiral enantioresolution of cathinone derivatives present in \u201clegal highs\u201d, and enantioselectivity evaluation on cytotoxicity of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)","volume":"34","author":"Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000315","article-title":"Reinforcing effects of abused \u2018bath salts\u2019 constituents 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone and \u03b1-pyrrolidinopentiophenone and their enantiomers","volume":"28","author":"Gannon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.04.024","article-title":"Synthetic cathinones and stereochemistry: S enantiomer of mephedrone reduces anxiety- and depressant-like effects in cocaine- or MDPV-abstinent rats","volume":"178","author":"Hicks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.7b00212","article-title":"Stereoselective Differences between the Reinforcing and Motivational Effects of Cathinone-Derived 4-Methylmethcathinone (Mephedrone) In Self-Administering Rats","volume":"8","author":"Simmons","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-5070-x","article-title":"Stereoselective effects of the second-generation synthetic cathinone \u03b1-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (\u03b1-PVP): Assessments of conditioned taste avoidance in rats","volume":"236","author":"Nelson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.032","article-title":"Stereochemistry of phase-1 metabolites of mephedrone determines their effectiveness as releasers at the serotonin transporter","volume":"148","author":"Mayer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12842","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12842","article-title":"Stereoselective neurochemical, behavioral, and cardiovascular effects of \u03b1-pyrrolidinovalerophenone enantiomers in male rats","volume":"25","author":"Schindler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2020.114970","article-title":"Enantioselectivity on the absorption of methylone and pentedrone using Caco-2 cell line: Development and validation of an UHPLC method for cathinones quantification","volume":"395","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.9b00617","article-title":"Investigation of the Optical Isomers of Methcathinone, and Two Achiral Analogs, at Monoamine Transporters and in Intracranial Self-Stimulation Studies in Rats","volume":"11","author":"Davies","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2021.115442","article-title":"S-(+)-Pentedrone and R-(+)-methylone as the most oxidative and cytotoxic enantiomers to dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells: Role of MRP1 and P-gp in cathinones enantioselectivity","volume":"416","author":"Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(00)00951-1","article-title":"Enantioselective chromatography as a powerful alternative for the preparation of drug enantiomers","volume":"906","author":"Francotte","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2015.12.007","article-title":"Chiral separations of cathinone and amphetamine-derivatives: Comparative study between capillary electrochromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography and three liquid chromatographic modes","volume":"121","author":"Albals","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.09.007","article-title":"Analysis and characterization of the novel psychoactive drug 4-chloromethcathinone (clephedrone)","volume":"244","author":"Taschwer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2012.09.079","article-title":"Chiral separation of new cathinone- and amphetamine-related designer drugs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using trifluoroacetyl-l-prolyl chloride as chiral derivatization reagent","volume":"1269","author":"Mohr","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1002\/chir.22414","article-title":"Indirect chiral separation of new recreational drugs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using trifluoroacetyl-L-prolyl chloride as chiral derivatization reagent","volume":"27","author":"Mohr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chirality"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/s10337-013-2469-8","article-title":"Small Molecules as Chromatographic Tools for HPLC Enantiomeric Resolution: Pirkle-Type Chiral Stationary Phases Evolution","volume":"76","author":"Fernandes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chromatographia"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2021.116332","article-title":"Application of enantioselective separation techniques to bioanalysis of chiral drugs and their metabolites","volume":"143","author":"Chankvetadze","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1007\/s10337-012-2261-1","article-title":"Chiral Recognition Mechanisms in Analytical Separation Sciences","volume":"75","author":"Scriba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chromatographia"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.59566\/IJBS.2006.2085","article-title":"Chiral drugs: An overview","volume":"2","author":"Nguyen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiritan, M.E., Ribeiro, A.R., Fernandes, C., and Pinto, M.M.M. (2016). Chiral Pharmaceuticals. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471238961.1608011823092009.a01.pub2"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-011-0352-0","article-title":"Chiral pharmaceuticals in the environment","volume":"10","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.1039\/b808881k","article-title":"Chiral HPLC for efficient resolution of enantiomers","volume":"37","author":"Okamoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teixeira, J., Tiritan, M.E., Pinto, M.M.M., and Fernandes, C. (2019). Chiral Stationary Phases for Liquid Chromatography: Recent Developments. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24050865"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2015.11.071","article-title":"Ultra-fast high-efficiency enantioseparations by means of a teicoplanin-based chiral stationary phase made on sub-2 \u03bcm totally porous silica particles of narrow size distribution","volume":"1427","author":"Ismail","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.202000359","article-title":"Advances of capillary electrophoresis enantioseparations in pharmaceutical analysis (2017\u20132020)","volume":"42","author":"Krait","year":"2021","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2020.461383","article-title":"Chiral Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography","volume":"1626","author":"Marina","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2020.115807","article-title":"Chiral Capillary Electrophoresis","volume":"124","author":"Marina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201900144","article-title":"Some thoughts about enantioseparations in capillary electrophoresis","volume":"40","author":"Fanali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2018.07.041","article-title":"Contemporary theory of enantioseparations in capillary electrophoresis","volume":"1567","author":"Chankvetadze","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2019.115639","article-title":"Chiral Recognition in Separation Sciences. Part I: Polysaccharide and Cyclodextrin Selectors","volume":"120","author":"Scriba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201400145","article-title":"Application of cyclodextrins in chiral capillary electrophoresis","volume":"35","author":"Rezanka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1021\/ac202892w","article-title":"Chiral Separations: A Review of Current Topics and Trends","volume":"84","author":"Ward","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2020.461832","article-title":"History, advancement, bottlenecks, and future of chiral capillary electrochromatography","volume":"1637","author":"Fanali","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2020.461256","article-title":"Separation of enantiomers and positional isomers of novel psychoactive substances in solid samples by chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques\u2013A selective review","volume":"1624","author":"Schmid","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0801(199701)11:1<47::AID-BMC626>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Direct enantiomeric separation of cathinone and one major metabolite on cellobiohydrolase (CBH-I) chiral stationary phase","volume":"11","author":"Serignese","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0801(199701)11:1<7::AID-BMC607>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Direct chiral resolution of phenylalkylamines using a crown ether chiral stationary phase","volume":"11","author":"Serignese","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2015.12.023","article-title":"Chiral separation of new designer drugs (Cathinones) on chiral ion-exchange type stationary phases","volume":"120","author":"Wolrab","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2012.11.001","article-title":"Screening approach, optimisation and scale-up for chiral liquid chromatography of cathinones","volume":"1269","author":"Perera","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/chir.22341","article-title":"Chiral separation of cathinone and amphetamine derivatives by HPLC\/UV using sulfated \u00df-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive","volume":"26","author":"Taschwer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chirality"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201401052","article-title":"Analysis of a new drug of abuse: Cathinone derivative 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)pentan-1-one","volume":"38","author":"Taschwer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201400077","article-title":"Chiral separation of 12 cathinone analogs by cyclodextrin-assisted capillary electrophoresis with UV and mass spectrometry detection","volume":"35","author":"Merola","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201600149","article-title":"Enantioselective determination of cathinone derivatives in human hair by capillary electrophoresis combined in-line with solid-phase extraction","volume":"37","author":"Baciu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201400085","article-title":"Enantiomeric separation of new cathinone derivatives designer drugs by capillary electrochromatography using a chiral stationary phase, based on amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate)","volume":"35","author":"Aturki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/chir.22423","article-title":"Chiral Resolution and Absolute Configuration of the Enantiomers of the Psychoactive \u201cDesigner Drug\u201d 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone","volume":"27","author":"Suzuki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chirality"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80576","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA10583A","article-title":"A validated gas chromatography mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of cathinone related drug enantiomers in urine and plasma","volume":"6","author":"Alremeithi","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.10.011","article-title":"Development of an enantioseparation method for novel psychoactive drugs by HPLC using a Lux(\u00ae) Cellulose-2 column in polar organic phase mode","volume":"270","author":"Taschwer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"4396043","article-title":"Simultaneous Quantitative Determination of Synthetic Cathinone Enantiomers in Urine and Plasma Using GC-NCI-MS","volume":"2018","author":"Alremeithi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Methods Chem."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201701239","article-title":"Separation of enantiomers of new psychoactive substances by high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"41","author":"Kadkhodaei","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201800142","article-title":"Simultaneous enantioseparation of methcathinone and two isomeric methylmethcathinones using capillary electrophoresis assisted by 2-hydroxyethyl-\u03b2-cyclodextrin","volume":"39","author":"Nowak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2018.10.002","article-title":"Multi-milligram resolution and determination of absolute configuration of pentedrone and methylone enantiomers","volume":"1100\u20131101","author":"Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201900085","article-title":"Chiral separation of cathinone derivatives using \u03b2-cyclodextrin-assisted capillary electrophoresis-Comparison of four different \u03b2-cyclodextrin derivatives used as chiral selectors","volume":"40","author":"Hubner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bmz008","article-title":"Enantioseparation of Synthetic Cathinones Enantiomers with Tertiary Amine Structure in Urine and Plasma","volume":"57","author":"Meetani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201900072","article-title":"Enantioselective determination of cathinones in urine by high pressure in-line SPE-CE","volume":"40","author":"Borrull","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.110105","article-title":"Determination of chiral cathinone in fresh samples of Catha edulis","volume":"307","author":"Dhabbah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2020.461359","article-title":"Enantiomeric determination of cathinones in environmental water samples by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry","volume":"1626","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2019.112967","article-title":"Enantioselective separation of Novel Psychoactive Substances using a Lux\u00ae AMP 3 \u03bcm column and HPLC-UV","volume":"179","author":"Basrak","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s10337-020-03860-9","article-title":"A Simple HPLC\u2013UV Approach for Rapid Enantioseparation of Cathinones, Pyrovalerones and Other Novel Psychoactive Substances on a 2.5-\u00b5m Cellulose Tris-(3,5-dimethylphenyl-carbamate) Column","volume":"83","author":"Seibert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chromatographia"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/chir.23135","article-title":"Successful use of a novel lux\u00ae i-Amylose-1 chiral column for enantioseparation of \u201clegal highs\u201d by HPLC","volume":"32","author":"Kadkhodaei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chirality"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2020.461286","article-title":"Gradient supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with a gradient flow of make-up solvent for enantioseparation of cathinones","volume":"1625","author":"Lindner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2020.110528","article-title":"Determination of the R- and S-enantiomers of methylone and ethylone in seized drugs by enantioselective liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis","volume":"317","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"ref_122","first-page":"436","article-title":"Simultaneous Quantitative Determination of Synthetic Cathinone Enantiomers in Urine by GC-NCI-MS\/MS using Menthylchloroformate as Chiral Derivatization Reagent","volume":"11","author":"Meetani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. Sep. Tech."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2020.105300","article-title":"An electrokinetic supercharging approach for the enantiodetermination of cathinones in urine samples by capillary electrophoresis","volume":"158","author":"Borrull","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microchemical"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0158ezanka, P., Mackov\u00e1, D., Jurok, R., Himl, M., and Kucha\u0159, M. (2020). Enantioseparation and Determination of Mephedrone and Its Metabolites by Capillary Electrophoresis Using Cyclodextrins as Chiral Selectors. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25122879"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-021-03182-1","article-title":"A sensitive HPLC-MS\/MS method for the detection, resolution and quantitation of cathinone enantiomers in horse blood plasma and urine","volume":"413","author":"Loganathan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.121994","article-title":"Enantiodetermination of R,S-3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone in urine samples by high pressure in-line solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry","volume":"225","author":"Borrull","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_127","unstructured":"Naegele, E. (2011). Making Your LC Method Compatible with Mass Spectrometry, Agilent Technologies Inc.. Available online: http:\/\/www.chem.agilent.com\/Library\/technicaloverviews\/Public\/5990--7413EN.pdf."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/27\/7\/2057\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:41:15Z","timestamp":1760136075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/27\/7\/2057"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"references-count":127,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules27072057"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27072057","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]}}}