{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T21:37:20Z","timestamp":1776461840957,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020 and UIDP\/50006\/2020; UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020; UIDB\/04004\/2020; SFRH\/BD\/132046\/2017; CDL-CTTRI-88-ARH\/2018 - REF. 049-88-ARH\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020 and UIDP\/50006\/2020; UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020; UIDB\/04004\/2020; SFRH\/BD\/132046\/2017; CDL-CTTRI-88-ARH\/2018 - REF. 049-88-ARH\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014141","name":"FEADER","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PDR2020-101-031828, Partnership no. - 94 \/ Initiative n. - 189, 1.0.1 - Operational Groups - n. - 01 \/ Action 1.1 \/ 2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDR2020-101-031828, Partnership no. - 94 \/ Initiative n. - 189, 1.0.1 - Operational Groups - n. - 01 \/ Action 1.1 \/ 2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Essential oil (EO), hydrolate, and nondistilled aqueous phase (decoction) obtained from the hydrodistillation of lemongrass byproducts were studied in terms of their potential as food ingredients under a circular economy. The EO (0.21%, dry weight basis) was composed mainly of monoterpenoids (61%), the majority being citral (1.09 g\/kg). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of lemongrass EO against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Staphylococcus aureus, were 617, 1550, and 250 \u03bcg\/mL, respectively. This effect was dependent on the citral content. Particularly for Gram-negative bacteria, a synergism between citral and the remaining EO compounds enhanced the antimicrobial activity. The polymeric material obtained from the nondistilled aqueous phase was composed of phenolic compounds (25% gallic acid equivalents) and carbohydrates (22%), mainly glucose (66 mol%). This polymeric material showed high antioxidant activity due to bound phenolic compounds, allowing its application as a functional dietary fiber ingredient. Matcha green tea formulations were successfully mixed with lemongrass hydrolate containing 0.21% EO (dry weight basis) with 58% of monoterpenoids, being citral at 0.73 g\/kg, minimizing matcha astringency with a citrus flavor and extending the product shelf life. This holistic approach to essential oils\u2019 hydrodistillation of Cymbopogon citratus byproducts allows for valorizing of the essential oil, hydrolate, and decoction for use as food ingredients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27082493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T22:48:45Z","timestamp":1649803725000},"page":"2493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Food Ingredients Derived from Lemongrass Byproduct Hydrodistillation: Essential Oil, Hydrolate, and Decoction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde (LAQV-REQUIMTE), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Colab4Food\u2014Collaborative Laboratory, 4485-655 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2083-9634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabete","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde (LAQV-REQUIMTE), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Madeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde (LAQV-REQUIMTE), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Uni\u00e3o dos Produtores de Refrigerantes de Estarreja Lda (UPREL), 3860-210 Estarreja, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7911-6262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7717-4939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8898-6342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel A.","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde (LAQV-REQUIMTE), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7438","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules20057438","article-title":"Cymbopogon species; Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and the pharmacological importance","volume":"20","author":"Avoseh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piasecki, B., Biernasiuk, A., Skiba, A., and Skalicka-wo, K. 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