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(FCT)-project","award":["SFRH\/BD\/128850\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/128850\/2017"]}]},{"name":"National funds, through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)-project","award":["REDE\/1517\/RMN\/2005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["REDE\/1517\/RMN\/2005"]}]},{"name":"National funds, through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)-project","award":["UIDB\/50026\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50026\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National funds, through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)-project","award":["UIDP\/50026\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50026\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Renal cell carcinoma is the most lethal cancer of the urological system due to late diagnosis and treatment resistance. Propolis, a beehive product, is a valuable natural source of compounds with bioactivities and may be a beneficial addition to current anticancer treatments. A Portuguese propolis sample, its fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water) and three subfractions (P1\u2013P3), were tested for their toxicity on A498, 786-O and Caki-2 renal cell carcinoma cell lines and the non-neoplastic HK2 kidney cells. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest toxicity against A498 (IC50 = 0.162 \u00b5g mL\u22121) and 786-O (IC50 = 0.271 \u00b5g mL\u22121) cells. With similar toxicity against 786-O, P1 (IC50 = 3.8 \u00b5g mL\u22121) and P3 (IC50 = 3.1 \u00b5g mL\u22121) exhibited greater effect when combined (IC50 = 2.5 \u00b5g mL\u22121). Results support the potential of propolis and its constituents as promising coadjuvants in renal cell carcinoma treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27134001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T23:11:19Z","timestamp":1655939479000},"page":"4001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Selective Cytotoxicity of Portuguese Propolis Ethyl Acetate Fraction towards Renal Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Freitas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4287-0659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga\/806-909 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ol\u00edvia","family":"Pontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga\/806-909 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3880-5261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronique","family":"Seidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Proen\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7882-737X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana M.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1770-4544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Baltazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga\/806-909 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8223-8634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Almeida-Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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