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Coumarin derivatives are still an emerging class of highly potent pharmaceutical drugs, best known in the field of antimicrobials and anticoagulants. Thiocoumarins are a particular class of coumarins in which one or two of the oxygen atoms are replaced by a sulfur. They are chemically subdivided in three groups: Thiocoumarins, 2-thioxocoumarins, and dithiocoumarins. This review emphasizes the rationale behind the synthesis and biological applications of the most relevant publications related to this family of compounds. Particular attention has been given to their potential as drug candidates, with particular emphasis in the last 5 years. This article is based on the most relevant information collected from multiple electronic databases, including SciFinder, Pubmed, Espacenet, and Mendeley.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27154901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T04:04:00Z","timestamp":1659326640000},"page":"4901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Thiocoumarins: From the Synthesis to the Biological Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3470-8299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria J.","family":"Matos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Qu\u00edmica da Universidade do Porto (CIQUP), Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169\u2013007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Uriarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas Aplicadas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1050-2402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Qu\u00edmica da Universidade do Porto (CIQUP), Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169\u2013007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4383","DOI":"10.1021\/jm501853m","article-title":"A survey of the role of noncovalent sulfur interactions in drug design","volume":"58","author":"Beno","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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