{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T18:53:27Z","timestamp":1773341607950,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research, Information, and Communication Technologies","award":["MILKQUA-H2020-PRIMA 2018\u2014Section 2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MILKQUA-H2020-PRIMA 2018\u2014Section 2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This manuscript aimed to optimise the encapsulation of Thymus capitatus essential oil into nanoemulsion. Response Surface Methodology results were best fitted into polynomial models with regression coefficient values of more than 0.95. The optimal nanoemulsion showed nanometer-sized droplets (380 nm), a polydispersity index less than 0.5, and a suitable Zeta potential (\u221210.3 mV). Stability results showed that nanoemulsions stored at 4 \u00b0C were stable with the lowest d3,2, PolyDispersity Index (PDI), and pH (day 11). Significant ameliorations in the capacity to neutralise DPPH radical after the encapsulation of the antimicrobial efficacy of thyme essential oil were recorded. S. typhimurium growth inhibition generated by nanoencapsulated thyme essential oil was 17 times higher than by bulk essential oil. The sensory analysis highlighted that the encapsulation of thyme essential oil improved enriched milk\u2019s sensory appreciation. Indeed, 20% of the total population attributed a score of 4 and 5 on the scale used for milk enriched with nanoemulsion. In comparison, only 11% attributed the same score to milk enriched with bulk essential oil. The novel nanometric delivery system presents significant interest for agroalimentary industries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27217330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T09:01:42Z","timestamp":1667120502000},"page":"7330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Essential Oil Stabilisation by Response Surface Methodology (RSM): Nanoemulsion Formulation, Physicochemical, Microbiological, and Sensory Investigations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2382-6679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariem","family":"BenJemaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-C\u00e9dria BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia"}]},{"given":"Fatma Zohra","family":"Rahali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-C\u00e9dria BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6765-803X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanen","family":"Falleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-C\u00e9dria BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia"}]},{"given":"Raja","family":"Beji-Serairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-C\u00e9dria BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia"}]},{"given":"Wided","family":"Megdiche-Ksouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-C\u00e9dria BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia"}]},{"given":"Ibtissem","family":"Hamrouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-C\u00e9dria BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4376-0638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majdi","family":"Hammami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-C\u00e9dria BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Nehme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, F-35042 Rennes, France"},{"name":"Quality and Health Department, IDELE Institute, 149 Rue de Bercy, CEDEX 12, 75595 Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8500-7364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato B.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Andr\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ganader\u00eda de Monta\u00f1a, CSIC-Universidad de Le\u00f3n, Finca Marzanas s\/n, 24346 Grulleros, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2679-0667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Said","family":"Bouhallab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, F-35042 Rennes, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0384-7592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Ceciliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3070-2639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Latifa","family":"Abdennebi-Najar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality and Health Department, IDELE Institute, 149 Rue de Bercy, CEDEX 12, 75595 Paris, France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne University, INSERM UMR_S_938, 75020 Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Riadh","family":"Ksouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-C\u00e9dria BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0319","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant bacteria and alternative methods to control them: An overview","volume":"25","author":"Vivas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. 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