{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T21:54:28Z","timestamp":1772229268114,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ministry of Higher Education","award":["UIDB\/04567\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04567\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the Ministry of Higher Education","award":["UIDP\/04567\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04567\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CBIOS laboratory","award":["UIDB\/04567\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04567\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CBIOS laboratory","award":["UIDP\/04567\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04567\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["UIDB\/04567\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04567\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["UIDP\/04567\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04567\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study is to inactivate Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 present in dairy wastewater effluent using microwave (MW) waves and\/or ultrasound waves (US). The ultrasonic bath treatment (35 kHz) had no significant effect on the reduction of the survival rate (predominant declumping effect). At 650 W of microwave treatment, the total destruction was completed at 75 s, while at 350 W a 3 log reduction was achieved. The Weibull model was fitted to the survival curves to describe the inactivation kinetics, and the effect of the combined microwave-ultrasound treatments was evaluated. The scaling parameter \u03b1 that was estimated from the inactivation kinetics for the microwaves combined with the ultrasound waves in pre-treatment was found to be lower than the scaling parameters obtained in post-treatment, which were in turn lower than those estimated for microwaves or ultrasound waves alone. The use of the ultrasound waves in pre-treatment was more effective than in post-treatment; a total reduction was achieved using a combination of US (30 min) followed by MW (650 W) with \u03b1 = 28.3 s, while 4.0 log was obtained by reversing all processes with \u03b1 = 34.5 s. The results from the protein assays indicate that the bacterial wall was damaged and that holes were formed from which protein leakage occurred.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27217422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T08:15:12Z","timestamp":1667376912000},"page":"7422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Sonication on Microwave Inactivation Kinetics of Enterococcus faecalis in Dairy Effluent"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0767-1491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ourdia-Nouara","family":"Kernou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biomath\u00e9matiques, Biophysique, Biochimie, et Scientom\u00e9trie (L3BS), Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Universit\u00e9 de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Amine","family":"Belbahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of M\u2019Sila, M\u2019Sila 24000, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Yasmine","family":"Sahraoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University M\u2019Hamed Bougara of Boumerd\u00e8s, Boumerd\u00e8s 35000, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Kenza","family":"Bedjaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biomath\u00e9matiques, Biophysique, Biochimie, et Scientom\u00e9trie (L3BS), Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Universit\u00e9 de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Kamelia","family":"Kerdouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biomath\u00e9matiques, Biophysique, Biochimie, et Scientom\u00e9trie (L3BS), Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Universit\u00e9 de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Akila","family":"Amir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biomath\u00e9matiques, Biophysique, Biochimie, et Scientom\u00e9trie (L3BS), Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Universit\u00e9 de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Farid","family":"Dahmoune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departement de Biologie, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de la Nature et de La Vie et des Sciences de La Terre, Universit\u00e9 de Bouira, Bouira 1000, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Khodir","family":"Madani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Technologie Agroalimentaire, Route de Targua-Ouzemour, Bejaia 06000, Algeria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7992-8343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Rijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBIOS-Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioci\u00eancias e Tecnologias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, Campo Grande 376, 1749-028 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2012.05.026","article-title":"Treatment by coagulation-flocculation of dairy wastewater with the residual lime of National Algerian Industrial Gases Company (NIGC-Annaba)","volume":"18","author":"Ayeche","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy procedia"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Henderson, J.C. 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