{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T05:57:37Z","timestamp":1771480657266,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":178,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000028","award":["PT2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PT2020"]}]},{"name":"NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000028","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)"]}]},{"name":"NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000028","award":["UIDB\/50020\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50020\/2020"]}]},{"name":"NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000028","award":["UIDP\/50020\/2020 (LSRE-LCM)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50020\/2020 (LSRE-LCM)"]}]},{"name":"NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000028","award":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021 (LA SusTEC)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021 (LA SusTEC)"]}]},{"name":"NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000028","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000028","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020 (CIMO)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020 (CIMO)"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["PT2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PT2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["UIDB\/50020\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50020\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["UIDP\/50020\/2020 (LSRE-LCM)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50020\/2020 (LSRE-LCM)"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021 (LA SusTEC)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021 (LA SusTEC)"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020 (CIMO)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020 (CIMO)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pickering emulsions (PEs) have attracted attention in different fields, such as food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, mainly due to their good physical stability. PEs are a promising strategy to develop functional products since the particles\u2019 oil and water phases can act as carriers of active compounds, providing multiple combinations potentiating synergistic effects. Moreover, they can answer the sustainable and green chemistry issues arising from using conventional emulsifier-based systems. In this context, this review focuses on the applicability of safe inorganic solid particles as emulsion stabilisers, discussing the main stabilisation mechanisms of oil\u2013water interfaces. In particular, it provides evidence for hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles as Pickering stabilisers, discussing the latest advances. The main technologies used to produce PEs are also presented. From an industrial perspective, an effort was made to list new productive technologies at the laboratory scale and discuss their feasibility for scale-up. Finally, the advantages and potential applications of PEs in the food industry are also described. Overall, this review gathers recent developments in the formulation, production and properties of food-grade PEs based on safe inorganic solid particles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28062504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T03:46:40Z","timestamp":1678333600000},"page":"2504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Pickering Emulsions Based in Inorganic Solid Particles: From Product Development to Food Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Andreia","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering\u2014Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"SusTEC\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos B.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering\u2014Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Madalena M.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering\u2014Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6844-333X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Filomena","family":"Barreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"SusTEC\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McClements, D.J. 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