{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T09:09:15Z","timestamp":1776071355859,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]],"date-time":"2023-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology, P.I., (FCT, Portugal)","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology, P.I., (FCT, Portugal)","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology, P.I., (FCT, Portugal)","award":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology, P.I., (FCT, Portugal)","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology, P.I., (FCT, Portugal)","award":["CEECIND\/00831\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/00831\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology, P.I., (FCT, Portugal)","award":["2020.06706.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.06706.BD"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology, P.I., (FCT, Portugal)","award":["2020.06231.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.06231.BD"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology, P.I., (FCT, Portugal)","award":["PRIMA\/0007\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIMA\/0007\/2019"]}]},{"name":"institutional scientific employment program","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"institutional scientific employment program","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"institutional scientific employment program","award":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"]}]},{"name":"institutional scientific employment program","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"institutional scientific employment program","award":["CEECIND\/00831\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/00831\/2018"]}]},{"name":"institutional scientific employment program","award":["2020.06706.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.06706.BD"]}]},{"name":"institutional scientific employment program","award":["2020.06231.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.06231.BD"]}]},{"name":"institutional scientific employment program","award":["PRIMA\/0007\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIMA\/0007\/2019"]}]},{"name":"PhD grants for M.G. and A.K.M.","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PhD grants for M.G. and A.K.M.","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PhD grants for M.G. and A.K.M.","award":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"]}]},{"name":"PhD grants for M.G. and A.K.M.","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PhD grants for M.G. and A.K.M.","award":["CEECIND\/00831\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/00831\/2018"]}]},{"name":"PhD grants for M.G. and A.K.M.","award":["2020.06706.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.06706.BD"]}]},{"name":"PhD grants for M.G. and A.K.M.","award":["2020.06231.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.06231.BD"]}]},{"name":"PhD grants for M.G. and A.K.M.","award":["PRIMA\/0007\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIMA\/0007\/2019"]}]},{"name":"PRIMA Section 2\u2014Multi-topic 2019: PulpIng","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PRIMA Section 2\u2014Multi-topic 2019: PulpIng","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PRIMA Section 2\u2014Multi-topic 2019: PulpIng","award":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"]}]},{"name":"PRIMA Section 2\u2014Multi-topic 2019: PulpIng","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PRIMA Section 2\u2014Multi-topic 2019: PulpIng","award":["CEECIND\/00831\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/00831\/2018"]}]},{"name":"PRIMA Section 2\u2014Multi-topic 2019: PulpIng","award":["2020.06706.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.06706.BD"]}]},{"name":"PRIMA Section 2\u2014Multi-topic 2019: PulpIng","award":["2020.06231.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.06231.BD"]}]},{"name":"PRIMA Section 2\u2014Multi-topic 2019: PulpIng","award":["PRIMA\/0007\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIMA\/0007\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The peels from three pumpkin genotypes cultivated in Greece were assessed for their phenolic content and bioactive properties to obtain extracts with a high preservative capacity. The optimization of the extraction was performed through response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box\u2013Behnken experimental design after applying two extraction techniques: heat-assisted (HAE) and ultrasound-assisted (UAE) extraction. The implemented independent variables were time, solvent concentration, and temperature\/power (for HAE\/UAE), while as dependent variables the dry residue (DR), reducing power (RP), and total phenolic content (TP) were considered. In general, HAE was the most effective technique for \u2018TL\u2019 (75 min; 30 \u00b0C; 24% ethanol) and \u2018Voutirato\u2019 (15 min; 30 \u00b0C; 10% ethanol), while UAE was more effective for \u2018Leuka Melitis\u2019 (5 min; 400 W; 0% ethanol). The extracts obtained in the global optimum conditions for each genotype peel were then assessed for their phenolic profile, by HPLC-DAD-ESI\/MS, and bioactive potential. Seven phenolic compounds were detected, including four flavonoids, two phenolic acids, and one flavan-3-ol. The extracts presented high antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal potential, with no cytotoxicity for non-tumor cells. The optimized conditions for the extraction of preservative compounds from bioresidues were defined, allowing the acquisition of antioxidant and antimicrobial extracts and proving their potential for food application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28073168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T02:10:13Z","timestamp":1680487813000},"page":"3168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Valorization of Pumpkin Peel as a Source of Bioactive Compounds: Optimization of Heat- and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Maria G.","family":"Leichtweis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6234-2212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana K.","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0324-7960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spyridon A.","family":"Petropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8978-4547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcio","family":"Carocho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3954-3833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e2nia C. S. P.","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8744-7814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria In\u00eas","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6801-4578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Calhelha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6767-6596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Beatriz P. P.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\u2014Science Chemical Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0093-771X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9050-5189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lillian","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ReferencesMunekata, P.E.S., Pateiro, M., Dom\u00ednguez, R., Nieto, G., Kumar, M., Dhama, K., and Lorenzo, J.M. (2023). Bioactive Compounds from Fruits as Preservatives. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12020343"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Brusselaers, J., and Van Der Linden, A. (2020). Bio-Waste in Europe\u2014Turning Challenges into Opportunities, European Environment Agency. EEA Report."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leichtweis, M.G., Molina, A.K., Pires, T.C.S., Dias, M.I., Calhelha, R., Bachari, K., Ziani, B.E.C., Oliveira, M.B.P.P., Pereira, C., and Barros, L. (2022). Biological Activity of Pumpkin Byproducts: Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27238366"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.focha.2022.100067","article-title":"A Comprehensive review of functional ingredients, especially bioactive compounds present in pumpkin peel, flesh and seeds, and their health benefits","volume":"1","author":"Hussain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem. Adv."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1080\/14786410903312991","article-title":"Chemical composition and biological activity of ripe pumpkin fruits (Cucurbita pepo L.) cultivated in Egyptian habitats","volume":"25","author":"Badr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1327","article-title":"Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Antiproliferative Activities of Pumpkin (Cucurbit) Peel and Puree Extracts\u2014An In Vitro Study","volume":"30","author":"Asif","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"196","article-title":"Altera\u00e7\u00f5es Nutricionais Em Casca E Polpa De Ab\u00f3bora Decorrentes De Diferentes M\u00e9todos De Cozimento","volume":"13","author":"Daiuto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam. Tecnol. Postcosecha"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2012.6.1.21","article-title":"Comparison of the chemical compositions and nutritive values of various pumpkin (Cucurbitaceae) species and parts","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lama-Mu\u00f1oz, A., and Contreras, M. (2022). del M. Extraction Systems and Analytical Techniques for Food Phenolic Compounds: A Review. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11223671"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2017.01.055","article-title":"Optimization of the extraction process of polyphenols from Thymus serpyllum L. herb using maceration, heat- and ultrasound-assisted techniques","volume":"179","author":"Bugarski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leichtweis, M.G., Oliveira, M.B.P.P., Ferreira, I.C.F.R., Pereira, C., and Barros, L. (2021). Sustainable recovery of preservative and bioactive compounds from food industry bioresidues. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10111827"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.07.016","article-title":"Recovery of bioactive anthocyanin pigments from Ficus carica L. peel by heat, microwave, and ultrasound based extraction techniques","volume":"113","author":"Backes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.04.103","article-title":"Optimization and comparison of heat and ultrasound assisted extraction techniques to obtain anthocyanin compounds from Arbutus unedo L. Fruits","volume":"264","author":"Caleja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.73","article-title":"Response surface methodology","volume":"2","author":"Khuri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Comput. Stat."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-020-04624-x","article-title":"Extraction of pumpkin peel extract using supercritical CO2 and subcritical water technology: Enhancing oxidative stability of canola oil","volume":"58","author":"Salami","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.03.081","article-title":"Optimization extraction conditions for improving phenolic content and antioxidant activity in Berberis asiatica fruits using response surface methodology (RSM)","volume":"207","author":"Belwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.08.105","article-title":"Simultaneous optimization of the ultrasound-assisted extraction for phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. fruit using response surface methodology","volume":"242","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Selected Cucurbit Fruits Extracted with Different Solvents","volume":"6","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.03.059","article-title":"Extraction kinetic modelling of total polyphenols and total anthocyanins from saffron floral bio-residues: Comparison of extraction methods","volume":"258","author":"Natolino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2004.08.042","article-title":"Application of response surface methodology for extraction optimization of germinant pumpkin seeds protein","volume":"92","author":"Quanhong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kulczy\u0144ski, B., Gramza-Micha\u0142owska, A., and Kr\u00f3lczyk, J.B. (2020). Optimization of Extraction Conditions for the Antioxidant Potential of Different Pumpkin Varieties (Cucurbita maxima). Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12041305"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"2218","article-title":"Optimization of extraction technique of polysaccharides from pumpkin by response surface method","volume":"5","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-015-0113-4","article-title":"Simultaneous extraction, optimization, and analysis of flavonoids and polyphenols from peach and pumpkin extracts using a TLC-densitometric method","volume":"9","author":"Altemimi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Cent. J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2012.09.030","article-title":"Profiling of phenolic and other polar compounds in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry","volume":"50","author":"Iswaldi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-014-0066-z","article-title":"Analyses of chlorogenic acids and related cinnamic acid derivatives from Nicotiana tabacum tissues with the aid of UPLC-QTOF-MS\/MS based on the in-source collision-induced dissociation method","volume":"8","author":"Ncube","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Cent. J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mashiane, P., Manhivi, V.E., Shoko, T., Slabbert, R.M., Sultanbawa, Y., and Sivakumar, D. (2021). Cooking african pumpkin leaves (Momordica balsamina L.) by stir-frying improved bioactivity and bioaccessibility of metabolites\u2014Metabolomic and chemometric approaches. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10112890"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"112","article-title":"FT-IR profile and antiradical activity of dehulled kernels of apricot, almond and pumpkin","volume":"5","author":"Kiat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. J. Pharm. Biol. Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360-1385(97)01018-2","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds","volume":"2","author":"Miller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"42","article-title":"Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) Peel, Flesh and Seeds Powders","volume":"11","author":"Hussain","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biol. Agric. Healthc."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.02.073","article-title":"Floral parts of Gomphrena globosa L. as a novel alternative source of betacyanins: Optimization of the extraction using response surface methodology","volume":"229","author":"Roriz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leichtweis, M.G., Pereira, C., Prieto, M.A., Barreiro, M.F., Baraldi, I.J., Barros, L., and Ferreira, I.C.F.R. (2019). Ultrasound as a rapid and low-cost extraction procedure to obtain anthocyanin-based colorants from Prunus spinosa L. fruit epicarp: Comparative study with conventional heat-based extraction. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24030573"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbp.2020.09.006","article-title":"Valorisation of table tomato crop by-products: Phenolic profiles and in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities","volume":"124","author":"Pinela","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Bioprod. Process."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunst, R.F., Myers, R.H., and Montgomery, D.C. (1996). Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product Optimization using Designed Experiments, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","DOI":"10.2307\/1270613"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2016.04.065","article-title":"Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of Coleostephus myconis (L.) Rchb. f.: An underexploited and highly disseminated species","volume":"89","author":"Bessada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2013.11.050","article-title":"Synergisms in antioxidant and anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activities of artichoke, milk thistle and borututu syrups","volume":"52","author":"Pereira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2018.11.059","article-title":"Chemical features and bioactivities of cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.) capitula: The blue flowers and the unexplored non-edible part","volume":"128","author":"Lockowandt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.04.025","article-title":"Antimicrobial and demelanizing activity of Ganoderma lucidum extract, p-hydroxybenzoic and cinnamic acids and their synthetic acetylated glucuronide methyl esters","volume":"58","author":"Heleno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.08.025","article-title":"Nutrients, phytochemicals and bioactivity of wild Roman chamomile: A comparison between the herb and its preparations","volume":"136","author":"Barros","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/28\/7\/3168\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:08:39Z","timestamp":1760123319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/28\/7\/3168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules28073168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules28073168","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]]}}}