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An increase in the viral load in the body leads to a decline in the number of T lymphocytes, compromising the patient\u2019s immune system. Some opportunistic diseases may result, such as tuberculosis (TB), which is the most common in seropositive patients. Long-term treatment is required for HIV-TB coinfection, and cocktails of drugs for both diseases are used concomitantly. The most challenging aspects of treatment are the occurrence of drug interactions, overlapping toxicity, no adherence to treatment and cases of resistance. Recent approaches have involved using molecules that can act synergistically on two or more distinct targets. The development of multitarget molecules could overcome the disadvantages of the therapies used to treat HIV-TB coinfection. This report is the first review on using molecules with activities against HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) for molecular hybridization and multitarget strategies. 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Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7919-3252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Avelino Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos (LASFAR), Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos (Farmanguinhos), Fiocruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Carolina Catta Preta","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos (LASFAR), Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos (Farmanguinhos), Fiocruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Peixoto","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos (LASFAR), Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos (Farmanguinhos), Fiocruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7850-3888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Claudio Ferreira","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos (LASFAR), Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos (Farmanguinhos), Fiocruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Frederico Silva Castelo","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos (LASFAR), Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos (Farmanguinhos), Fiocruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0727-9852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Medicinal, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Monica Macedo","family":"Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos (LASFAR), Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos (Farmanguinhos), Fiocruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Nubia","family":"Boechat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos (LASFAR), Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos (Farmanguinhos), Fiocruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-000, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.60.070191.003045","article-title":"The biochemistry of AIDS","volume":"60","author":"Vaishnav","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. 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