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Although in trace quantities copper is a heavy metal essential to human life, in excess it causes various diseases, whereby its removal from wastewater is a necessity. Among several reported materials, chitosan is a highly abundant, non-toxic, low-cost, biodegradable polymer, comprising free hydroxyl and amino groups, that has been directly applied as an adsorbent or chemically modified to increase its performance. Taking this into account, reduced chitosan derivatives (RCDs 1\u20134) were synthesised by chitosan modification with salicylaldehyde, followed by imine reduction, characterised by RMN, FTIR-ATR, TGA and SEM, and used to adsorb Cu(II) from water. A reduced chitosan (RCD3), with a moderate modification percentage (43%) and a high imine reduction percentage (98%), proved to be more efficient than the remainder RCDs and even chitosan, especially at low concentrations under the best adsorption conditions (pH 4, RS\/L = 2.5 mg mL\u22121). RCD3 adsorption data were better described by the Langmuir\u2013Freundlich isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The interaction mechanism was assessed by molecular dynamics simulations, showing that RCDs favour Cu(II) capture from water compared to chitosan, due to a greater Cu(II) interaction with the oxygen of the glucosamine ring and the neighbouring hydroxyl groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28104110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T02:27:04Z","timestamp":1684204024000},"page":"4110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Reduced Chitosan as a Strategy for Removing Copper Ions from Water"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2121-7797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro M. C.","family":"Matias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2852-4143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana F. M.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Eva F.","family":"Bernardino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1025-3488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o P.","family":"Vareda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3336-2449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Dur\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2393-0203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo E.","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8124-3156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge M. C.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1391-9855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina","family":"Murtinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4612-7686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur J. M.","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.05.126","article-title":"Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution from Anthropogenic Activities and Remediation Strategies: A Review","volume":"246","author":"Vareda","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"402647","article-title":"Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation","volume":"2011","author":"Wuana","year":"2011","journal-title":"ISRN Ecol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adriano, D.C. (2001). Trace Elements in Terrestrial Environments: Biogeochemistry, Bioavailability, and Risks of Metals, Springer. 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