{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T08:55:10Z","timestamp":1765961710241,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Slovak Research and Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-15-0308","APVV-SK-PT-18-0022","VEGA No. 2\/0136\/20","VEGA No. 2\/0091\/23","VEGA No. 2\/0126\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-15-0308","APVV-SK-PT-18-0022","VEGA No. 2\/0136\/20","VEGA No. 2\/0091\/23","VEGA No. 2\/0126\/23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Slovak Grant Agency","award":["APVV-15-0308","APVV-SK-PT-18-0022","VEGA No. 2\/0136\/20","VEGA No. 2\/0091\/23","VEGA No. 2\/0126\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-15-0308","APVV-SK-PT-18-0022","VEGA No. 2\/0136\/20","VEGA No. 2\/0091\/23","VEGA No. 2\/0126\/23"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rhodiola rosea L. extract (RSE) is mostly known for its adaptogen properties, but not for its antiarthritic activities, therefore monotherapy and combination with low-dose methotrexate (MTX) was studied. The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was used to measure the functional score, and the change in hind paw volume (HPV). Both parameters had significant antiarthritic effects. Based on these preliminary results, an adjuvant arthritis (AA) model was further applied to assess another parameters. The experiment included these animal groups: healthy controls, untreated AA, AA administered with RSE (150 mg\/kg b.w. daily, p.o.), AA administered by MTX (0.3 mg\/kg b.w. twice a week, p.o.), and AA treated with the combination of RSE+MTX. The combination of RSE+MTX significantly reduced the HPV and increased the body weight. The combination significantly decreased HPV when compared to MTX monotherapy. The plasmatic levels of inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-17A, MMP-9 and CRP) were significantly decreased by MTX+RSE treatment. The RSE monotherapy didn\u2019t influence any of the inflammatory parameters studied. In CIA, the RSE monotherapy significantly decreased the arthritic parameters studied. In summary, the combination of RSE and sub-therapeutic MTX was significantly effective in AA by improving inflammatory and arthritic parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28135053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T01:43:13Z","timestamp":1688002993000},"page":"5053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Rhodiola rosea L. Extract, a Known Adaptogen, Evaluated in Experimental Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9287-5514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frantisek","family":"Drafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7863-2142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarina","family":"Bauerova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Chrastina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"},{"name":"Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mal\u00e1 Hora 10701\/4A, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Taghdisiesfej\u00edr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"},{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovi\u010dova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0303-8085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical and Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines of the University of Lisbon (iMED.ULisboa), Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4143-4302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Direito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical and Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines of the University of Lisbon (iMED.ULisboa), Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1561-6858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Eduardo","family":"Figueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical and Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines of the University of Lisbon (iMED.ULisboa), Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2761-0955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Sepodes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical and Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines of the University of Lisbon (iMED.ULisboa), Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9672-5441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvester","family":"Ponist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"591","article-title":"Global epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"18","author":"Finckh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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