{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T14:29:20Z","timestamp":1768487360299,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/04138-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/04138-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\/07276-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/07276-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["309614\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309614\/2021-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["350088\/2022-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["350088\/2022-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["350089\/2022-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["350089\/2022-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/04138-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/04138-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\/07276-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/07276-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["309614\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309614\/2021-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["350088\/2022-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["350088\/2022-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["350089\/2022-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["350089\/2022-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds FCT\/MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/04138-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/04138-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds FCT\/MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\/07276-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/07276-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds FCT\/MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["309614\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309614\/2021-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds FCT\/MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["350088\/2022-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["350088\/2022-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds FCT\/MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["350089\/2022-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["350089\/2022-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds FCT\/MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds FCT\/MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds FCT\/MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds FCT\/MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008100","name":"SusTEC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/04138-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/04138-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008100","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008100","name":"SusTEC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\/07276-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/07276-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008100","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008100","name":"SusTEC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["309614\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309614\/2021-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008100","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008100","name":"SusTEC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["350088\/2022-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["350088\/2022-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008100","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008100","name":"SusTEC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["350089\/2022-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["350089\/2022-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008100","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008100","name":"SusTEC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008100","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008100","name":"SusTEC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008100","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008100","name":"SusTEC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008100","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008100","name":"SusTEC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008100","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"GreenHealth","award":["2017\/04138-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/04138-8"]}]},{"name":"GreenHealth","award":["2013\/07276-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/07276-1"]}]},{"name":"GreenHealth","award":["309614\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309614\/2021-0"]}]},{"name":"GreenHealth","award":["350088\/2022-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["350088\/2022-5"]}]},{"name":"GreenHealth","award":["350089\/2022-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["350089\/2022-1"]}]},{"name":"GreenHealth","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"GreenHealth","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"GreenHealth","award":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"]}]},{"name":"GreenHealth","award":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The demand for organic and functional food continues to increase yearly. Among the available functional foods, propolis is a bee product that has various beneficial properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, it generally is only available in ethanol solution, which has poor bioavailability, as it is relatively insoluble in water. The use of such ethanol extracts is often objectionable because of the alcohol content and because they have a strong and striking taste. Development of alternatives that can efficiently and safely increase solubility in water, and that meet organic production specifications, has been a challenge. To address these concerns, microcapsules were developed using spray-dryer technology from an emulsion based on EPP-AF\u00ae propolis and gum arabic (i-CAPS). These propolis-loaded microcapsules were characterized using FT-IR, SEM, TGA, HPLC, and spectrophotometric techniques, along with determination of antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antihypercholesterolemic activities, as well as permeability in in vitro models. The production system resulted in microcapsules with a spherical shape and an encapsulation efficiency of 93.7 \u00b1 0.7%. They had IC50s of 2.654 \u00b1 0.062 and 7.342 \u00b1 0.058 \u00b5g\/mL by FRAP and DPPH antioxidant methods, respectively. The EPP-AF\u00ae i-CAPS also had superior antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Antitumor activity was calculated based on the concentration that inhibited 50% of growth of AGS, Caco-2, and MCF-7 cell strains, giving results of 154.0 \u00b1 1.0, 117 \u00b1 1.0, and 271.0 \u00b1 25 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively. The microcapsule presentation reduced the permeation of cholesterol by 53.7%, demonstrating antihypercholesterolemic activity, and it improved the permeability of p-coumaric acid and artepillin C. The IC50 for NO production in RAW 264.7 cells was 59.0 \u00b1 0.1 \u00b5g\/mL. These findings demonstrate the potential of this new propolis product as a food and pharmaceutical ingredient, though additional studies are recommended to validate the safety of proposed dosages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28207128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T08:25:09Z","timestamp":1697531109000},"page":"7128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Development and Characterization of High-Absorption Microencapsulated Organic Propolis EPP-AF\u00ae Extract (i-CAPs)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5719-1301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andresa A.","family":"Berretta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Development & Innovation, Apis Flora Indl. Coml. Ltd.a., Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14020-670, Brazil"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9ssica A.","family":"De Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Development & Innovation, Apis Flora Indl. Coml. Ltd.a., Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14020-670, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-903, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3735-6951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soraia I.","family":"Falc\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6801-4578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Calhelha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nathaly Alcazar","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Development & Innovation, Apis Flora Indl. Coml. Ltd.a., Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14020-670, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Isabella Salgado","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopolymers and Biomaterials Group, University of Araraquara, UNIARA, Araraquara 14801-320, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Luana Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Zamarrenho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Development & Innovation, Apis Flora Indl. Coml. Ltd.a., Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14020-670, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FMRP\/USP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Hernane da Silva","family":"Barud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopolymers and Biomaterials Group, University of Araraquara, UNIARA, Araraquara 14801-320, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Jairo Kenupp","family":"Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-903, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2131-9988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"De Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Department, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FMRP\/USP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8665-5280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Vilas-Boas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Grand View Research (2023, August 20). Organic Food and Beverages Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report by Product (Organic Food, Organic Beverages), by Distribution Channel (Convenience Stores, Specialty Stores), by Region, and Segment Forecasts, 2023\u20132030. Available online: https:\/\/www.grandviewresearch.com\/industry-analysis\/organic-foods-beverages-market."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"308249","article-title":"Propolis: A Wonder Bees Product and Its Pharmacological Potentials","volume":"2013","author":"Wagh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(03)00216-4","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of propolis of various geographic origins","volume":"84","author":"Kumazawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.05.004","article-title":"Chemical diversity of propolis and the problem of standardization","volume":"100","author":"Bankova","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.3641","article-title":"Propolis Standardized Extract (EPP-AF\u00ae), an Innovative Chemically and Biologically Reproducible Pharmaceutical Compound for Treating Wounds","volume":"8","author":"Berretta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waisundara, V., and Shiomi, N. (2017). Superfood and Functional Food-An Overview of Their Processing and Utilization, Intech Open Limited. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.5772\/63180"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berretta, A.A., Zamarrenho, L.G., Correa, J.A., de Lima, J.A., Borini, G.B., Ambr\u00f3sio, S.R., da Silva Barud, H., Bastos, J.K., and De Jong, D. (2023). Development and Characterization of New Green Propolis Extract Formulations as Promising Candidates to Substitute for Green Propolis Hydroalcoholic Extract. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28083510"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes, G.W., Oki, Y., and Barbosa, M. (2022). Baccharis, Springer. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-83511-8"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1051\/apido:2000102","article-title":"Propolis: Recent advances in chemistry and plant origin","volume":"31","author":"Bankova","year":"2000","journal-title":"Apidologie"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-40422002000200021","article-title":"Pr\u00f3polis: 100 anos de pesquisa e suas perspectivas futuras","volume":"25","author":"Pereira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Quim. Nova"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwb.2021.101227","article-title":"Exporting to escape and learn: Vietnamese manufacturers in global value chains","volume":"56","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. World Bus."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galeotti, F., Maccari, F., Fachini, A., and Volpi, N. (2018). Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Propolis Prepared in Different Forms and in Different Solvents Useful for Finished Products. Foods, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods7030041"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Q., Yang, A., Tan, W., and Yang, W. (2023). Development, Physicochemical Properties, and Antibacterial Activity of Propolis Microcapsules. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12173191"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ligarda-Samanez, C.A., Choque-Quispe, D., Moscoso-Moscoso, E., Huam\u00e1n-Carri\u00f3n, M.L., Ramos-Pacheco, B.S., de la Cruz, G., Ar\u00e9valo-Quijano, J.C., Mu\u00f1oz-Saenz, J.C., Mu\u00f1oz-Melgarejo, M., and Quispe-Quezada, U.R. (2023). Microencapsulation of Propolis and Honey Using Mixtures of Maltodextrin\/Tara Gum and Modified Native Potato Starch\/Tara Gum. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12091873"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.05.012","article-title":"Propolis and the immune system: A review","volume":"113","author":"Sforcin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"7","article-title":"Development, characterization and viability study of probiotic microcapsules produced by complex coacervation followed by freeze-drying","volume":"49","author":"Barin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia Rural"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.118642","article-title":"Improvement strategies for the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble flavonoids: An overview","volume":"570","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.2016.1277602","article-title":"Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity assessment of southeastern and south Brazilian propolis","volume":"56","author":"Coelho","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Apic. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, X., Yang, B., Wang, D., Zhu, Y., Miao, X., and Yang, W. (2020). The Chemical Composition of Brazilian Green Propolis and Its Protective Effects on Mouse Aortic Endothelial Cells against Inflammatory Injury. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25204612"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-019-01141-w","article-title":"The role of Baccharis dracunculifolia and its chemical profile on green propolis production by Apis mellifera","volume":"46","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.01.024","article-title":"Rapid prediction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Sudanese honey using Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy","volume":"226","author":"Tahir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.112956","article-title":"Encapsulated bee propolis powder: Drying process optimization and physicochemical characterization","volume":"155","author":"Pant","year":"2022","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.04.048","article-title":"Development and characterization of microencapsules containing spray dried powder obtained from Brazilian brown, green and red propolis","volume":"109","author":"Andrade","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.135469","article-title":"Dynamic gastrointestinal digestion\/intestinal permeability of encapsulated and nonencapsulated Brazilian red propolis: Active compounds stability and bioactivity","volume":"411","author":"Sartori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.1.2.175","article-title":"Caco-2 cell permeability assays to measure drug absorption","volume":"1","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.134330","article-title":"Simulated gastrointestinal digestion\/Caco-2 cell transport: Effects on biological activities and toxicity of a Brazilian propolis","volume":"403","author":"Saliba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture (2001). Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture: Instruction Normative to Propolis Extracts, n. 3\/2001."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arruda, C., Ribeiro, V.P., Almeida, M.O., Mej\u00eda, J.A.A., Casoti, R., and Bastos, J.K. (2020). Effect of light, oxygen and temperature on the stability of artepillin C and p-coumaric acid from Brazilian green pr\u00f3polis. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 178.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2019.112922"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2007.07.004","article-title":"Applications of spray-drying in microencapsulation of food ingredients: An overview","volume":"40","author":"Gharsallaoui","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Res. Intern."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.profoo.2011.09.265","article-title":"An overview of encapsulation technologies for food applications","volume":"1","author":"Nedovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Procedia Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbp.2012.08.006","article-title":"Assessment of production efficiency, physicochemical properties and storage stability of spray-dried propolis, a natural food additive, using arabic gum and OSA starch-based carrier systems","volume":"91","author":"Fonseca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Bioprod."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"306","article-title":"Physico-chemical characteristics of microencapsulated propolis co-product extract and its effect on storage stability of burger meat during storage at \u221215 \u00b0C","volume":"76","author":"Diedrich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2016.08.055","article-title":"Propolis encapsulation by spray drying: Characterization and stability","volume":"75","author":"Busch","year":"2017","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, I., Melo, D.S., Santos, M.S., Dias, D.R., de Souza, C.O., Favaro-Trindade, C.S., Pinho, L.S., Almeida, R.C.C., Magalh\u00e3es-Guedes, K.T., and Schwan, R.F. (2023). Non-Lactic Probiotic Beverage Enriched with Microencapsulated Red Propolis: Microorganism Viability, Physicochemical Characteristics, and Sensory Perception. Fermentation, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation9030234"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2013.809541","article-title":"Applications of Natural Polymer Gum Arabic: A Review","volume":"18","author":"Patel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Prop."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.15340","article-title":"Encapsulation of vitamin D3 in gum arabic to enhance bioavailability and stability for beverage applications","volume":"85","author":"Lamsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703024","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/703024","article-title":"Antimicrobial Brazilian Propolis (EPP-AF) Containing Biocellulose Membranes as Promising Biomaterial for Skin Wound Healing","volume":"2013","author":"Barud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"41","article-title":"Multilayered membrane-controlled microcapsules for controlled delivery of isoniazid","volume":"19","author":"Tiwari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Daru"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.08.063","article-title":"Characterization and storage stability of chlorophylls microencapsulated in different combination of gum Arabic and maltodextrin","volume":"272","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7638","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cs60014a","article-title":"Mechanochemical preparation of co-crystals","volume":"42","author":"Braga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Barbosa, M.M. (2015). Processo de Purifica\u00e7\u00e3o de Goma de Cajueiro: Aspectos T\u00e9cnicos e Ambientais. [Ph.D. Thesis, Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1]."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2010.09.010","article-title":"Microencapsulation of propolis extract by complex coacervation","volume":"44","author":"Nori","year":"2011","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-016-0558-1","article-title":"Cytotoxic and nitric oxide inhibition activities of propolis extract along with microencapsulation by complex coacervation","volume":"71","author":"Onbas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2023, August 20). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 637542, p-Coumaric Acid, Available online: https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/p-Coumaric-acid."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2020.104775","article-title":"Artepillin C: A comprehensive review of its chemistry, bioavailability, and pharmacological properties","volume":"147","author":"Shahinozzaman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.135","article-title":"Development, characterization and pre-clinical trials of an innovative wound healing dressing based on propolis (EPP-AF\u00ae)-containing self-microemulsifying formulation incorporated in biocellulose membranes","volume":"136","author":"Torres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-016-1517-3","article-title":"Polymeric Nanoparticles of Brazilian Red Propolis Extract: Preparation, Characterization, Antioxidant and Leishmanicidal Activity","volume":"11","author":"Azevedo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2018.09.004","article-title":"Propolis microparticles produced with pea protein: Characterization and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities","volume":"87","author":"Maia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1080\/03639040500466312","article-title":"Preparation and antimicrobial activity of gelatin microparticles containing propolis against oral pathogens","volume":"32","author":"Bruschi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.12442","article-title":"An alternative encapsulation approach for production of active chitosan-propolis beads","volume":"49","author":"Mascheroni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8153625","article-title":"Prevention of drug access to bacterial targets: Permeability barriers and active efflux","volume":"264","author":"Nikaido","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Or\u0161oli\u2019c, N., and Jembrek, M.J. (2022). Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Propolis and Its Polyphenolic Compounds against Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810479"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.02.105","article-title":"Autophagy inhibition enhances anticancer efficacy of artepillin C, a cinnamic acid derivative in Brazilian green propolis","volume":"497","author":"Endo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3731","article-title":"The effects of propolis and its isolated compounds on cytokine production by murine macrophages","volume":"26","author":"Bachiega","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olas, B. (2022). Bee Products as Interesting Natural Agents for the Prevention and Treatment of Common Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14112267"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.30721\/fsab2022.v5.i1.165","article-title":"Exopolysaccharides and their applications in food processing industries","volume":"5","author":"Suryawanshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2013.07.021","article-title":"Phenolic quantification and botanical origin of Portuguese propolis","volume":"49","author":"Vale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture (2000). Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture: Instruction Normative to Livestock and Supply, n. 11\/2000."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1590\/S0101-20612006000100028","article-title":"An\u00e1lise de pr\u00f3polis","volume":"26","author":"Funari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Waterman, P.G., and Mole, S. (1994). Analysis of Phenolic Plant Metabolites, Wiley. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1996.0292","article-title":"The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a meansure of \u201cantioxidant power\u201d: The FRAP assay","volume":"239","author":"Benzie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(03)00259-5","article-title":"Screening of medicinal plant extracts for antioxidant activity","volume":"73","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Weinstein, M.P., Patel, J.B., Burnham, C.A., Campeau, S., Conville, P.S., Doern, C., Eliopoulos, G.M., Galas, M.F., Humphries, R.M., and Jenkins, S.G. (2018). Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically, Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. [11th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.179","article-title":"Sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay for cytotoxicity screening","volume":"1","author":"Vichai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1039\/C6FO01600F","article-title":"Development of dairy beverages functionalized with pure ergosterol and mycosterol extracts: An alternative to phytosterol-based beverages","volume":"8","author":"Heleno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.07.049","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extracts from edible mushrooms in LPS activated RAW 264.7 macrophages","volume":"130","author":"Moro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.04.004","article-title":"In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of phenolic rich extracts from white and red common beans","volume":"161","author":"Moro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2014.08.025","article-title":"Effect of ergosterol-enriched extracts obtained from Agaricus bisporus on cholesterol absorption using an in vitro digestion model","volume":"11","author":"Reglero","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/28\/20\/7128\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:08:25Z","timestamp":1760130505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/28\/20\/7128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules28207128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules28207128","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]}}}