{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T11:59:22Z","timestamp":1770724762844,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT","award":["CEECIND\/01913\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01913\/2017"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["2022.03596.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.03596.PTDC"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022083"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["L2-1830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L2-1830"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["P2-0084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2-0084"]}]},{"name":"project CAR-BONCT","award":["CEECIND\/01913\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01913\/2017"]}]},{"name":"project CAR-BONCT","award":["2022.03596.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.03596.PTDC"]}]},{"name":"project CAR-BONCT","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022083"]}]},{"name":"project CAR-BONCT","award":["L2-1830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L2-1830"]}]},{"name":"project CAR-BONCT","award":["P2-0084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2-0084"]}]},{"name":"Centro Portugal Regional Operational Programme","award":["CEECIND\/01913\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01913\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Centro Portugal Regional Operational Programme","award":["2022.03596.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.03596.PTDC"]}]},{"name":"Centro Portugal Regional Operational Programme","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022083"]}]},{"name":"Centro Portugal Regional Operational Programme","award":["L2-1830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L2-1830"]}]},{"name":"Centro Portugal Regional Operational Programme","award":["P2-0084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2-0084"]}]},{"name":"Slovenian Research Agency","award":["CEECIND\/01913\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01913\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Slovenian Research Agency","award":["2022.03596.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.03596.PTDC"]}]},{"name":"Slovenian Research Agency","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022083"]}]},{"name":"Slovenian Research Agency","award":["L2-1830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L2-1830"]}]},{"name":"Slovenian Research Agency","award":["P2-0084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2-0084"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, nanocomposites based on titanium dioxide and reduced graphene oxide (TiO2@rGO) with different weight percentages of rGO (4, 8, and 16 wt%) were prepared by the hydrothermal\/solvothermal synthesis method and thermally treated at 300 \u00b0C. The prepared nanocomposites were explored for the removal of methylene blue dye (MB) in the presence of simulated solar illumination as well as natural sunlight. The structural, morphological, chemical, and optical properties of the as-synthesized TiO2@rGO nanocomposites were characterized. The obtained results of the graphene-based nanocomposite materials indicated the existence of interactions between TiO2 and rGO, i.e., the Ti\u2013O\u2013C bond, which confirmed the successful integration of both components to form the TiO2@rGO nanocomposites. The addition of rGO increased the specific surface area, decreased the band gap energy, and increased the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of MB from water compared to TiO2 nanoparticles. The results of photocatalytic activity indicated that the amount of rGO in the prepared TiO2@rGO nanocomposites played a significant role in the application of different photocatalytic parameters, including the initial dye concentration, catalyst concentration, water environment, and illumination source. Our studies show that the reinforcement of the nanocomposite with 8 wt% of rGO allowed us to obtain the maximum photocatalytic decomposition performance of MB (10 mg\u00b7L\u22121) with a removal percentage of 99.20 after 2 h. Additionally, the obtained results show that the prepared TiO2@rGO_8 wt% nanocomposite can be used in three consecutive cycles while maintaining photocatalytic activity over 90%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28217326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T13:20:07Z","timestamp":1698672007000},"page":"7326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Synergistic Remediation of Organic Dye by Titanium Dioxide\/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3558-8687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Kocijan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lu\u010di\u0107a 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3212-277X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lidija","family":"\u0106urkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lu\u010di\u0107a 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}]},{"given":"Damjan","family":"Vengust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Materials Department, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Rado\u0161evi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1581-9970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasyl","family":"Shvalya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2302-9661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gil","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory (LASI), 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7892-8608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matejka","family":"Podlogar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.119500","article-title":"Investigating the Characteristics of Residential End Uses of Water: A Worldwide Review","volume":"230","author":"Mazzoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1515\/revce-2015-0034","article-title":"Recent Advances and Prospects of Catalytic Advanced Oxidation Process in Treating Textile Effluents","volume":"32","author":"Buthiyappan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. 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