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The focus of this research was efficient and low-cost natural polymer-based hydrogels obtained by crosslinking gellan gum (GGLA) and starch (ST) with acetic acid (CA) and loading them with either bentonite (BET) and\/or halloysite (HAL). The hydrogels were obtained by mixing 100, 75, 50, 25, and 0 wt.% of GGLA with 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 wt.% ST water solutions. To obtain the networks, they were crosslinked with 10, 5, and 2 wt.% of CA and loaded with 2, 5, and 10 wt.% of BET and\/or HAL. The samples were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), their swelling in water, and the state of bound water properties. The results of these analyses point to the formation of a polymeric network with a decomposition temperature of &gt;250 \u00b0C, and tailorable swelling properties that vary between 3 and 77, depending on the hydrogel composition. In summary, GGLA-ST-BET\/HAL hydrogels are a good option for eco-friendly agriculture materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29010131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]],"date-time":"2023-12-25T22:59:09Z","timestamp":1703545149000},"page":"131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Hydrogels Based on Natural Polymers Loaded with Bentonite and\/or Halloysite: Composition Impact on Spectroscopic, Thermal, and Swelling Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2158-7301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo C\u00e9sar","family":"Sabadini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica e Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica de S\u00e3o Carlos, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Trabalhador S\u00e3ocarlense 400, S\u00e3o Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6533-4309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and CQ-VR, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7577-4938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f3nica de Zea","family":"Bermudez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and CQ-VR, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8754-0493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Pawlicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica de S\u00e3o Carlos, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Trabalhador S\u00e3ocarlense 400, S\u00e3o Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5230-639X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Manuela","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica e Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1080\/03066150.2011.582947","article-title":"The agroecological revolution in Latin America: Rescuing nature, ensuring food sovereignty and empowering peasants","volume":"38","author":"Altieri","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Peasant. Stud."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10169","DOI":"10.1021\/jf202131z","article-title":"Environmentally friendly slow-release nitrogen fertilizer","volume":"59","author":"Ni","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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