{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T18:46:37Z","timestamp":1767984397117,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Grant for New Scholars","award":["64-041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["64-041"]}]},{"name":"Research Grant for New Scholars","award":["RP66-3-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP66-3-003"]}]},{"name":"Research Grant for New Scholars","award":["65-1(2)\/2565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["65-1(2)\/2565"]}]},{"name":"Research Program of Khon Kaen University 2021","award":["64-041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["64-041"]}]},{"name":"Research Program of Khon Kaen University 2021","award":["RP66-3-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP66-3-003"]}]},{"name":"Research Program of Khon Kaen University 2021","award":["65-1(2)\/2565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["65-1(2)\/2565"]}]},{"name":"Scholarships for Master\u2019s Degree Students, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University","award":["64-041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["64-041"]}]},{"name":"Scholarships for Master\u2019s Degree Students, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University","award":["RP66-3-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP66-3-003"]}]},{"name":"Scholarships for Master\u2019s Degree Students, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University","award":["65-1(2)\/2565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["65-1(2)\/2565"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aging is a well-known factor that accelerates brain deterioration, resulting in impaired learning and memory functions. This current study evaluated the potential of an extract of Alternanthera philoxeroides (AP), an edible flavonoid-rich plant, to ameliorate D-galactose-induced brain aging in male mice. Chronic administration of D-galactose (150 mg\/kg\/day) in mice mimicked the characteristics of aging by accelerating senescence via downregulation of the following telomere-regulating factors: mouse telomerase reverse transcriptase (mTERT) and mouse telomeric repeat-binding factors 1 (mTRF1) and 2 (mTRF2). D-galactose also decreased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), while increasing expression of neuroinflammatory cytokines in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Daily treatment of D-galactose-induced aging mice with AP at 250 and 500 mg\/kg\/day or vitamin E (100 mg\/kg\/day) significantly increased the activities of SOD and CAT, as well as expression of mTERT, mTRF1, and mTRF2, which are involved in telomere stabilization, but decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1. In the behavioral portion of the study, AP improved aging-related cognitive deficits in short-term memory as shown by the Y-maze task and the novel object recognition test (NORT) and long-term memory as shown by the Morris water maze test (MWMT). The flavones kaempferol-O-glucoside (1), quercetin (2), alternanthin B (3), demethyltorosaflavone D (4), and chrysoeriol-7-O-rhamnoside (5), which could be responsible for the observed effects of AP in the D-galactose-induced aging mice, were identified by HPLC analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29020503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T08:58:13Z","timestamp":1705654693000},"page":"503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of the Impact of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. Extract on Memory Impairment in D-Galactose-Induced Brain Aging in Mice through Its Effects on Antioxidant Enzymes, Neuroinflammation, and Telomere Shortening"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8871-1107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Possatorn","family":"Aon-im","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}]},{"given":"Orawan","family":"Monthakantirat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2051-9953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Supawadee","family":"Daodee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7317-8721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaowared","family":"Chulikhit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}]},{"given":"Nattapatsorn","family":"Sriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4065-6090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chantana","family":"Boonyarat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}]},{"given":"Thanut","family":"Chumwangwapee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9927-0670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charinya","family":"Khamphukdee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3321-1061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anake","family":"Kijjoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"},{"name":"ICBAS-Instituo de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar and CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association (2023). 2023 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures. 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